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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *ilVs- (<*ʔV-lis)
Meaning: 'tongue'
Ghadames: īlǝs
Siwa: îlǝs
Ghat: ilǝs
Ayr: ilǝs
Ahaggar (Tahaggart): îlǝs
Tawllemmet: ilǝs
Zenaga: ǝčsi
Ntifa: ils
Seghrushen: ils
Izdeg: ils
Mzab: ilǝs
Wargla: ilǝs
Snus: ilǝs
Shenwa: ilǝs
Shawiya: ilǝs
Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): ilǝs
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ghd,brbet-siw,brbet-ght,brbet-ayr,brbet-ahg,brbet-twl,brbet-zng,brbet-ntf,brbet-sgr,brbet-izd,brbet-mzb,brbet-wrg,brbet-snu,brbet-shn,brbet-sha,brbet-qbl,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *lis-
Meaning: tongue
Notes: See *lahas- 'lick'.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-omo,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 2147
Proto-Semitic: *liš(š)ān- {} *lis(s)ān-
Meaning: tongue; language
Akkadian: lišānu 'tongue, language' OB on [CAD l 209], [AHw 556]
Eblaitic: li-sa-nu /lišānu(m)/ [Kr 7-8; Bl E No. 66]
Ugaritic: lšn [DLU 249]; /lašānu/ [Huehner 143]
Phoenician: lasoun [HJ 584] (in Diosc.)
Hebrew: lāšōn [KB 536]
Aramaic: SAMAL OLD DAL OFF lšn 'language; folk, people' (WARKA li-iš-šá-an) [HJ 584], HERTEVIN neššala [J Hert 195] (metath.)
Biblical Aramaic: liššānā [KB deutsch 1732]
Judaic Aramaic: līšānā [Ja 710]; läššān (lyšn) [Sok 282]
Syrian Aramaic: leššānā [Brock 371]
Modern Aramaic: MAL liššōna 'Zunge' [Berg 54] MLḤS lešono 'Zunge' [J Mlah 181] HRT neššala 'Zunge' [J Hert 195] NASS lišǟnä 'tongue' [Tser 0119] URM lis,ǝnǝ 'tongue, language' [R Urmi 100] ZKH līšana 'tongue' [R Zakhon 108] M MND lišān, emph. lišāna 'language, tongue' [M MND 508, 523] GZR lišána 'tongue, language' [Nak 78] AZRB liššana (northern subdialect), lišana (southern subdialect) 'tongue, language' [Garb 317] IRAN lišâna 'la lingua' [Pen 97]
Mandaic Aramaic: lišana [DM 237]
Arabic: lisān- [BK 2 991]
Epigraphic South Arabian: SAB ls1n [SD 83]
Geʕez (Ethiopian): lǝssan [LGz 318]. -ss- is supported by recent studies like [Mäk Arg 199]
Tigre: lǝs(s)an [LH 36], nǝssal [ibid. 325]
Tigrai (Tigriñña): lǝs(s)an [Bass 20]
Amharic: lǝs(s)an [K 58]
Mehri: ɛwšēn/lǝšōn [JM 256]
Jibbali: ɛls̃ɛ́n [JJ 165]
Harsusi: lēšen [JH 85]
Soqotri: léšin [LS 236], [SSL LS 1466]
Notes: Judging from AFRASIAN data the original form should be *lis-, with suffixed *-ān. The reduplicated -ss- in ARM and ETH suggests a derived noun of the verb *lšš {} *lss 'to lick', if not for the fact that the latter is attested only in ARB lss 'lécher; manger' [BK 2 989]. Cf., however, variant roots: ARB lws 'goûter; tourner un morceau dans la bouche' [ibid. 1041], lhs 'lêcher' [ibid. 1032]; SEM *lḥš {} *lḥs 'to lick': ARB lḥs [ibid. 937], ETH *lḥs [LGz 311] and, possibly, AKK lâšu 'to taste, lick' [CAD l 111] which may as well be from *lhš related directly to ARB lhs; for AFRASIAN cf. HAUSA lā̀sā́ 'to lick' [Abr 615], likely <*lHs, see [O-S 356], but possibly an Arabism [Fron 45] (*lišān- 'lingua' /GEZ,ARB,SYR,HBR,UGR,AKK/) [Holma 25]: AKK,HBR,SYR,ARB,GEZ (discussion on possible verbal origins of the root in question quoting ARB lhs, lḥs eventually refuting this hypothesis) [DLU 249]: UGR,ARM,PHO,HBR,EBL,AKK,ESA,ARB,GEZ [KB 536]: HBR,ARM,UGR,ARM,AKK,ARB,GEZ,TGR (quoting ARB lss as a possible origin of this word) [Brock 371]: SYR,ARM,HBR,ARB,AKK,GEZ [LGz 318]: GEZ,ETHSEM,ESA,ARB,SO Q,HBR,ARM,UGR,AKK [LS 236]: SOQ,MSA,ARB,HBR,ARM,GEZ,AKK
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-ebl,semet-uga,semet-phn,semet-hbr,semet-arm,semet-bib,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-new,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-sar,semet-gzz,semet-tgr,semet-tgy,semet-amh,semet-mhr,semet-jib,semet-hss,semet-soq,semet-notes,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: ns (pyr)
Meaning: 'tongue'
Coptic: *les
Coptic meaning: 'tongue'
Fayumic: les
Akhmimic: les
Bohairic: las
Sahidic: las
Notes: Copt attests the character of the sonant orthographically denoted as n- in Eg. Cf. sn.w (gr) id. (met.?)
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-cpt,egyet-cptmean,egyet-fff,egyet-aaa,egyet-bbb,egyet-sss,egyet-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *ḥa-lis-um
Meaning: 'tongue (your)'
Hausa: hár/lšè
Mupun: lǝ̄ǝs [FrM]
Sura: líis {CLR: 328]
Angas: leus [Fl]
Chip: lis [JgC]
Montol: líis [JgC]
Gerke=Yiwom: lis [JgC]
Bolewa: lisi-m [CLR]
Karekare: lusu/ǝm [CLR]
Ngamo: linsõ [ShV]
Maha: ḍi-lis [NM]
Kifri=Giwo: ílmíší [ShB]
Gera: ḍè-límsà [ShB]
Galambu: lĩm [ShB]
Geruma: límši [ShB]
Sayanchi: ríisǝn [Cs]
Boghom: ŋǝ-lǝs [CLR]
Guruntum: laši [Ja]
Kir: ndé-láŋ [CLR]
Fyer: lés [JgR]
Bokos: ʔa-lis [JgR]
Sha: ʔa-liši [JgR]
Kulere: ʔa-lúš [JgR]
Daffo-Butura: lis [JgR]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,wchet-gwn,wchet-sur,wchet-ang,wchet-chp,wchet-mnt,wchet-grk,wchet-bol,wchet-krk,wchet-ngm,wchet-mah,wchet-krf,wchet-ger,wchet-glm,wchet-grm,wchet-say,wchet-bgh,wchet-grn,wchet-kir,wchet-fyr,wchet-bks,wchet-sha,wchet-klr,wchet-dfb,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *ʔV-lyas-
Meaning: 'tongue'
Logone: ns̃ì [LLog],
Musgu: ɛlɛsí [CLR: 329]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-log,cchet-msg,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *lyas-
Meaning: 'tongue' 1, 'my tongue' 2
Somrai: dì-lèsé1 [Jg]
Tumak: hìg [[Cp] < *lis-g, cf. bǝ-g (< *bV) 'mouth'
Nanchere: ke-len-d-em 2 [Lk: 90]
Lele: ke-len-d-in 2 [Lk: 88]
Kabalai: ko-sà́ [Cp]
Kera: ku-su-r [Eb]
Kwang: ke-lesúm 2 [Lk Modgel: 97]
Dangla: lḗsé [Fd]
Migama: líi-̀t [JMig]
Jegu: lḕsó [CLR: 329]
Bidiya: zii-te [JBid]
Mubi: lɛ̀ésí , lísi ́[CLR]
Birgit: lììsì [CLR]
Mokilko: ʔílzè [JMkk]
Sokoro: sólań-d-um , sɛ́lɛ̀/n [CLR]
Notes: Form of the type *kV-lVn-d-Vn/m, originates from *kV-lVsVn-d-Vn/m (kV- noun/body part pref., -d- marker of singularity, Vn/m - possessive). Note met. in Sokoro.
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-smr,echet-tum,echet-nch,echet-lle,echet-kbl,echet-ker,echet-kwn,echet-dng,echet-mig,echet-jeg,echet-bid,echet-mub,echet-brg,echet-mkk,echet-sok,echet-notes,
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Omotic etymology :
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Proto-Omotic: *mi-las-
Meaning: 'tongue'
Kafa (Kaficho): mi-laso
Notes: Unless < Amh mǝlas.
omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-kaf,omoet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : LVCV
Meaning : lick
Austric : PAA *lɨajh 'tongue'
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-austr,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *lašV ?
Meaning: lick
Indo-European: ? OInd. rasati, rasanā
Altaic: TM *lusimā 'upper jaw, muzzle, upper lip' (ТМС 1, 513)
References: МССНЯ 347, ОСНЯ 2, 36-37. ND 1332 *l[u]šV 'lip, mouth', 1333 *LVšV 'lick' (hardly separatable). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *laš-
Russian meaning: губа
English meaning: lip
Georgian: laš-; Old Georg. lošn-, lušn- 'to lick', luš- 'to devour'
Megrel: lečkw-; rǝskon-, riskon- 'to gobble, gnaw'
Laz: lešk-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 120, 122, EWK 216-217. В ОСНЯ 2, 36-37, помимо афразийского материала, с вопросом связывается с др.-инд. ras- 'лизать', rasanā 'язык'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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