Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *kVrr 1, *kVrw 2

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ram, goat' 1, 'lamb, kid'

Nefusa: a-krar 'billy-goat' Dolg. SHAN 19

Ghat: a-kǝrwāt 'lamb'

Ayr: ekrăr 'bélier' Aloj., 97; a-kǝrwa/i-kǝrwa-tăn 'agneau' ibid., 100

Ahaggar (Tahaggart): êkrer/akrâren 'bélier' Fouc., 890; akerwât/ikerwâten 'agneau' ibid., 888

Tawllemmet: ăkărr/ikărr-ăn 'bélier' Aloj., 97; a-kǝrwa/i-kǝrwa-tăn 'agneau' ibid., 100 'bélier' Aloj., 97

Semlal: ikru/ikǝruan 'chevreau' Dest., 63; ánkkūr/inukrān 'bouc' ibid. 41

Rif: i-k_arri 'ram'

Iznassen: i-k_ǝrri 'ram', Snhj. i-karri 'ram'

Snus: i-šǝrri 'ram'

Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): ikǝrri 'mouton' Dallet, 416

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *kar(w)-

Meaning: ram, goat; lamb, kid

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *karr- 'ram'

Berber: *kVrr 'ram, goat', *kVrw 'lamb, kid'

Western Chadic: *karwa 'sheep, ram' 1, 'cattle' 2, 'goat' 3, 'reedbuck' 4

East Chadic: *kara-ŋ (<*kara-n or *karaH) 'goat'

Low East Cushitic: *kVr- 'goat'

Warazi (Dullay): *kVr-Vn- 'female goat'

Mogogodo (Yaaku): kurum- 'goat, young; lamb'

Notes: Cf. HSED 1432 (Sem, Brb, WCh, Arb); Dolg. SHAN 19

Semitic etymology :

Number: 2449

Proto-Semitic: *karr-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: ram

Akkadian: kirru (or girru) 'a breed of sheep (?)' OAkk. [CAD k 410], kerru [AHw. 468]. In earlier literature the term was thought to occur as an Akkadism in Sum. (Ur III) documents (2 UDU kir-ru-um etc.). In the Addenda to [AHw.] (p. 1568), other occurrences are quoted: 2 ki-ru '2 moutons' (ARM 19 182:2, archaic Mari), kà-ri (HUCA 40 70:7, OA). The form ka-ra-am in ARM 8 13 r 11 is also identified by von Soden with the present root which is rather doubtful (the passage reads ka-ra-am īkulū kāsam ištû; cf. the rendering 'they have eaten from the (same) platter, drunk from the (same) goblet' in [CAD k 239]). !!! ARMT 26/1 422 ka-ka-ra-am

Ugaritic: kr 'cordero' [DLU 222]. The term is a hapax in 1.4 VI 47 but the meaning is clearly deduced from the parallelism with ḫrpt 'ewes' (špḳ ʔilm krm yn // špḳ ʔliht ḫprt [yn] 'he provided the "gods-rams" with wine // provided the "goddesses-ewes" [with wine]). Cf. [Del Olmo Sheep 185-6].

Hebrew: kar '(young) ram' [KB 496], pB. [Ja. 663]. A relatively unfrequent, predominantly poetic term. That k. denotes a young animal can be deduced from the parallelism with ʕăgālīm 'calves' in Am 6.4 (hāʔōkǝlīm kārīm miṣṣō(ʔ)n // waʕă- gālīm mittōk marbēḳ 'those eating k. from the small cattle // and calves from the stall'). In Ez 4.2 and 21.27 k. is used to denote a kind of siege engine (a meaning shift well known in Lat. aries, Eng. battering ram and elsewhere).

Aramaic: Off. kr 'sheep' [HJ 534]. Not very reliable, alternative readins are possible ( cf. discussion [ibid.]). Sam. kr 'ewe' [Tal 407].

Notes: Parallels in other languages not very reliable: - Arb. kawr- 'troupeau nombreux (de chameaux, de boeufs)' [BK 2 942], [Fr. IV 69], [LA V 155], 'herd (of camels or ga- zelles, containing 150-200 animals)' [WKAS k 429]; - Amh. kʷǝrrǝkʷǝr 'call for calling goats' [K 1397]. - Amh. kurma 'bull (not castrated)' [K 1384], Har. korma 'male (animal), brave' [LHar. 94], Muh. kʷärma 'the young male of a sheep bigger than ṭäbbʷät, male (animal), bull' [LGur. 350]. [KB 496], [DLU 222]: Hbr., Ugr., Akk.

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *karwa-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'sheep, ram' 1, 'cattle' 2, 'goat' 3, 'reedbuck' 4

Angas: kwēr 4 'reedbuck' Sk. Hs., 14; kīr 'fattening ram' Dolg. SHAN apud Foulkes

Kofyar: koor 'castrated goat' Jung CLR, 168

Dera=Kanakuru: kwárà 3 [NmK]

Tangale: kā́rwa 2 [JgT]

Diri: kure 4 'reedbuck' Sk. Hs., 14

Zaar: karò 'sheep' Jung CLR II, 290

Wangday: Wangday (Wandi) kɛ́rò 'ram' Dolg. SHAN

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *kara-ŋ (<*kara-n or *karaH)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'goat'

Tobanga (=Gabri Nord): karaŋ "goat"

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *kVr-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'goat'

Arbore: kaaríy 'heifer goat' (coll.) Hayward Arb., 371; korat 'male goat' ibid., 375

Warazi etymology :

Proto-Warazi: *kVr-Vn-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: female goat

Dobase (Gobeze): koren-te Hay Qaw 63

Mogogodo etymology :

Mogogodo: kúrúma

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'goat, young; lamb'

Notes: Heine Yaaku, 126, 128

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVRV

Meaning : young of animals

Eurasiatic : *ḳʷVŕV

Afroasiatic : *kar(w)-

Sino-Caucasian : *(x)ḳwărŋV

African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-kòdò 'sheep'.

Reference : МССНЯ 373, ОСНЯ 1, 173.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ḳʷVŕV

Meaning: young of animals

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *keru̯- [or to PK *qar- 'ox'?]

Altaic: *k`i̯ŏŕo ( ~ -u)

Kartvelian: *ḳraw-

Dravidian: *kor_- (cf. also *kur_- 194)

References: МССНЯ 373, ОСНЯ 1, 302.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *kerw-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: deer, ox, cow

Slavic: *kъrvъ: OPol karw `старый никчемный вол'; *kórvā `корова'

Baltic: *kar̂w-iā̃, *kurw-a- m.

Germanic: *xiru-t-a-, -an- m., *xiru-t-u- c.

Latin: cervus, -ī m. `Hirsch'; cerva f. `Hirschkuh'

Celtic: Cymr carw, Corn carow, Bret karo `Hirsch'

Albanian: алб. ka, pl. qe `ox'

Russ. meaning: скот (олень, бык, корова)

References: WP I 403 f

Comments: Cf. Tokh B karse 'deer, stag' (Adams 145), Greek {κάρτην την βου̃ν. Κρη̃τες Hsch. - nowhere found but in WP and Pok.!}

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *kar̂w-iā̃, *kurw-a- m.

Meaning: cow, ox

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: kárvē `корова'

Old Prussian: curwis `бык' V. 672, acc. kurwan Ench. III 55:34

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *xiruta-z, -ēn, *xirutu-z

Meaning: deer

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: hjɔrt-r m. `Hirsch'

Norwegian: hjort

Swedish: hjort

Danish: hjort

Old English: heorot (heort), -es m. `hart, stag, male deer'

English: hart `олень старше 5 лет'

Middle Dutch: hert, hert, haert, hart, herte m., n.

Dutch: hert n.; harts-vanger

Old Franconian: hirot

Middle Low German: herte, harte

Old High German: hir(u)ʒ (8.Jh.)

Middle High German: hirʒ st. m., hirʒe wk. m. 'hirsch'

German: Hirsch

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ŏŕo ( ~ -u)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: lamb, deer

Russian meaning: ягненок, олень

Turkic: *Koŕɨ

Mongolian: *kurigan

Tungus-Manchu: *xir-

Comments: EAS 46, 113, KW 198, Владимирцов 361, ОСНЯ 1, 302, Новикова 1972, 118, Лексика 433. A Western isogloss. Despite TMN 1, 435, 3, 546, Щербак 1997, 142, Mong. cannot be borrowed from Turkic.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Koŕɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: lamb

Russian meaning: ягненок

Old Turkic: qozɨ (quzɨ) (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qozɨ (quzɨ) (MK)

Turkish: kuzu

Tatar: quzɨ (dial.)

Middle Turkic: qozɨ (R.), qozu (Houts.)

Uzbek: qụzi

Uighur: qoza

Sary-Yughur: quzɨ, qozɨ, qoza

Azerbaidzhan: Guzu

Turkmen: Guzɨ

Halaj: quzɨ

Kirghiz: qozu

Kazakh: qozɨ

Noghai: qozɨ

Balkar: qozu

Gagauz: quzu

Karaim: qozu

Karakalpak: qozɨ

Salar: qōza

Kumyk: qozu (dial.)

Comments: VEWT 285, EDT 681, Лексика 433, ЭСТЯ 6, 108-109.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kurigan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: lamb

Russian meaning: ягненок

Written Mongolian: quriɣan (L 987: quraɣa(n), qurɣa(n))

Middle Mongolian: quriqa(n) (SH), qurixan (HY 11), qǝriɣan (LH)

Khalkha: xurgan

Buriat: xuŕga(n)

Kalmuck: xurɣn

Ordos: xurGa

Dongxian: quɣan (Тод. Дн.); Guɣan

Baoan: GorGaŋ

Shary-Yoghur: χurGan

Monguor: xorGa (SM 172), xuroG

Mogol: qɔrɣan (Weiers)

Comments: KW 198, MGCD 391. Mong. > Oyr. quraɣan etc. (TMN 1, 435), Evk. kurikan etc., see ibid., Doerfer MT 131.

Tungus etymology :