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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *kul-
Meaning: 'lift'
Higi Futu: kǝli-tò [Kr N 358]
Higi Nkafa: kulu-tǝ̀ [Kr]
Higi Ghye: kulu-dɛ̀ [Kr]
Kapsiki=Higi Kamale: kɨɫ-tè {kr]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-hig,cchet-hnk,cchet-hgh,cchet-kap,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḳul-
Meaning: lift, rise
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1782
Proto-Semitic: *ḳVlVl-
Meaning: 'raise'
Arabic: qll
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *ḳul-
Meaning: 'rise'
Semlal: ɣ(u)li
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-sml,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *kal-
Meaning: 'mount'
Lele: kal [WP] monter
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-lle,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVLV
Meaning : to rise, raise
Amerind (misc.) : *kali 'above' (R 6) [ + A] globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḲaLi
Meaning: to rise, raise
Comments: Cf. *ḳElV
References: МССНЯ 335, ОСНЯ 1, 334-335, ND 1046 *ḳal̄(h)i 'high, be high'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *kolǝn-, *kolǝm-
Meaning: top, hill, rock
Hittite: kalmara-, Luw. kalmaha- 'Berg' (Tischler 468 without etymology)
Old Greek: kolōnó-s m., kolṓnǟ f. `Hügel, Anhöhe, Stein-, Grabhügel'; ? kolophṓn, -ō̂nos m. `Gipfel, Spitze, Höhepunkt'
Latin: collis, -is, abl. colle/collī m. `Hügel, Anhöhe'; columen, (jünger) culmen, -inis n. `Höhepunkt, Gipfel, First'
Russ. meaning: вершина, холм, скала
Comments: ??? Probably derived from *kelǝ-.
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *kal̂n-a- (2) c., *kal̂w-ā̂ (1) f.
Meaning: mountain
Lithuanian: kálna-s `Berg'; kalvà `Anhöhe, Hügel'
Lettish: kal̂ns `Berg'; kal̃va `Anhöhe, Kügel; kleine Insel'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *xalla-z, *xallu-z, *xalli-z, *xulli-z; *xulma-z, *xulmēn
Meaning: stone, rock
Gothic: hallu-s m. (u) `rock'; CrimGot ael `lapis'
Old Norse: hall-r m. `Stein; Farbe'; holm-r, holmi
Norwegian: dial. hall `Stein'; Run. halaR, acc. halli
Swedish: hall `Stein'; holme
Danish: hald `Stein, Klippe'
Old English: { heall `Stein' }, { hyll } { holm `Wasser, Welle, hohe See, Meereswoge, Insel' }
English: hill; hiolm(e)
Old Saxon: holm `Hügel'
Middle Dutch: hulle; holm `Flussinsel'
Middle Low German: holm `herausragendes Landstück, Fluss-, Meerinsel'
Low German: hul
German: [ Holm m. < LG ]
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-mlg,germet-lg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 878
Root: kel-1, kelǝ-
English meaning: to tower, be high; hill
German meaning: `ragen, hoch (heben)'
Derivatives: kl̥n-is `Hügel'
Material: Gr. κολωνός, κολώνη `Hügel', κολοφών m. `Gipfel, Spitze' statt *κολαφών auf Grund eines *kolṇ-bho-s); lat. ante-, ex-, prae-cellō, -ere `hervorragen' (*cel-d-ō mit präsensbildendem -d-), Partiz. celsus `hoch'; collis `Hügel' (*kl̥n-is oder *koln-is); columen, jünger culmen `Gipfel, Höhepunkt' (*kelomn̥ `Erhebung'), columna `Säule' (*kelomnā `die ragende');
mir. coll `Haupt, Führer' (*kolnos); gall. celicnon `Turm' (daraus got. kelikn `Söller');
gallorom. calma `ödes Land' ist wohl vorkelt.;
ags. hyll m. f., engl. hill `Hügel' (*hulnis, idg. *kḷnis); as. holm `Hügel', nhd. Holm, ags. holm `Insel, Meereswoge, (hohe) See', aisl. holmr, holmi `kleine Insel' (*kḷmo-);
lit. keliù, kélti (schwere Basis) `heben, emporheben, tragen, übers Wasser befördern', lett. ceĺt `heben', lit. iškéltas .erhaben', kálnas, lett. kal̂ns `Berg', vgl. lit. kalvà f. `kleiner Hügel', lett. kalva `Hügel, Flußinsel'; dazu lit. kìlti `sich erheben, aufsetigen', iškilùs `hoch', kilmė̃ f. `Abkunft, Geschlecht', kìltis und kiltìs f., lett. cil̂ts f. `Geschlecht'; lett. kal'a f. `Hebel'; lit. kélnas m. `Fähre, Kahn', lit. kélta f., kéltas m. = kéltuvas m. `Fähre'; lett. cel̂tava f. `kleine Fähre';
slav. *cьlnъ m. in skr. čûn (Gen. čûna), `Kahn', čech. člun, russ. čoɫn `Boot, Weberschifflein';
abg. čelo `Stirn', russ. čeló `Stirn, Haupt, Spitze' usw., russ.-ksl. čelesьnъ `praecipuus' (ursprüngl. -es-St.).
References: WP. I 433 ff., WH. I 197, 245, 249 f., 855, Trautmann 125 f.
Pages: 544
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *kela ( ~ k`-, -o)
Meaning: to rise, jump up, soar
Russian meaning: подниматься, подпрыгивать, парить
Comments: KW 163, 176, 177, ОСНЯ 1, 335. A Turk.-Mong. isogloss; but a suffixed form *kel-k`a- may be discoverable in OJ kaker- 'to fly, soar' (see Miller-Street 1975, 73-75, Street 1985, 641). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kạl(ɨ)-
Meaning: 1 to rise 2 jump up
Russian meaning: 1 подниматься 2 подпрыгивать
Old Turkic: qalɨ- (OUygh.) 1
Karakhanid: qalɨ- (MK, KB) 2 Turkish: kalk(ɨ)- 2, kal-dɨr- (caus.)
Tatar: qalq- 1,2
Uzbek: qalq- 1, qalqi- 1, 2
Azerbaidzhan: Galx- 1, Gal-dɨr- (caus.)
Turkmen: Galk- 1, Gal-dɨr- (caus.)
Khakassian: xalɨ- 1,2 (dial. Sag.)
Oyrat: qalɨ- 1,2
Yakut: kɨlɨj- 1,2
Tuva: xalɨ- 1,2
Kirghiz: qalqɨ- 1
Kazakh: qalqɨ- 1
Noghai: qalq- 1
Bashkir: qalq- 1
Karakalpak: qalqɨ- 1
Kumyk: qalq- 1
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kali-
Meaning: to fly, soar
Russian meaning: парить
Written Mongolian: qali- (L 919) Khalkha: xali-
Buriat: xali-
Kalmuck: xäĺǝ-
Ordos: xali-
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳl-
Russian meaning: скала
English meaning: rock
Georgian: ḳlde
Megrel: ḳirde, ḳǝrde, ḳirda, ḳǝrda
Svan: ḳǝlde, ḳ(il)de-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 113, EWK 205. Если данная основа связана со сван. ḳǝltxi 'высокий', na-ḳlatx-i 'высота', то ср. ПИЕ *kelǝ- 'подниматься, вершина, гора', алт. *k(`)alV 'подниматься' (см. ОСНЯ 1, 334-335, ностр. *ḳaLi).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-notes,
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