Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *twar-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'kidney, lover part of the back'

Mada: totro-m [BMad]

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *tiraw/ʔ-

Meaning: liver

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Western Chadic: *wa-tyarVʔ- 'liver'

Central Chadic: *twar- 'kidney, lover part of the back'

Saho-Afar: *tiraw- 'liver'

Low East Cushitic: *tiraw- 'liver'

High East Cushitic: *tiraw- 'liver'

Warazi (Dullay): *tir- 'liver'

South Cushitic: *ʔi-tiraw- 'liver'

Omotic: *ti/ur- 'liver'

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *wa-tyarVʔ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'liver'

Polchi: wàtèraʔè [Shimizu]

Kir: cf. fwok-tor-ok 'liver'

Notes: Cf. N Bauchi *tVr- 'vein' [SkNb]

Saho-Afar etymology :

Proto-Saho-Afar: *tiraw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'liver'

Saho: tiraw

Afar (Danakil): tiroo

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *tiraw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'liver'

Somali: traw, tiro

Oromo (Galla): tiru

Arbore: tira

Dasenech (Geleba): čira

Konso: tira

Gato: tira

Gidole (Dirasha): šira

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *tiraw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'liver'

Hadiya (Gudella): tiroo

Kambatta: tiroo

Warazi etymology :

Proto-Warazi: *tir-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'liver'

Warazi: čira/e

Gawwada (Gawata): t/cire

Dobase (Gobeze): čir-

Harso (Werize): ciire

Dihina: ciire

South Cushitic etymology :

Proto-South Cushitic: *ʔi-tiraw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'liver'

Ma'a (Mbugu): itiráo

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *ti/ur-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'liver'

Ometo: tire

Galila: tu'ri

Ari: tUri

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVWV

Meaning : say, sound

Eurasiatic : *čVwV ( ~ *č`-)

Afroasiatic : *cVway/H-

Notes : (Cf. also PafAs *čabVḥ-)

Reference : Suggested by V. Glumov.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *čVwV ( ~ *č`-)

Meaning: say, sound

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *stewǝ- (cf. also *(s)teubh-)

Altaic: *č`ā́bu

Kartvelian: [*c̣aw- ] - rather G. č̣q̇av-il-

References: ND 372 *ć̣owV 'to inform, make know/hear' (Kartv. + ?Mong. čobuɣa 'clever, alert' + Sem.); ND 442 *č̣awχV 'cry, exclaim' (Georg. č̣q̇av-il- 'heulen, jaulen, schreien' + Alt. + IE + Sem., Cush.).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *steu-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to commend, to affirm

Hittite: isduwa- 'kund werden, offenbar werden' (Tischler 437f)

Old Indian: stáuti, stávate `to praise', ptc. stutá-; stutí- f. `praise, eulogy', stotár- `praising, worshipping'

Avestan: staoiti `lobt, preist, besingt; betet', ptc. stūta-; stūiti-; staotar-

Old Greek: stêu̯tai̯, ipf. stêu̯to `feierlich kundgeben, sich anheischig machen, versprechen, drohen, behaupten'

Russ. meaning: хвалить, утверждать

References: WP II 620

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1900

Root: steu-2

English meaning: to praise

German meaning: `laut preisen'

General comments: nur indo-iran. u. griech.

Material: Ai. stā́uti, stávatē usw. `lobt, preist', Partiz. stutá- `gepriesen', stutí- f. `Lob, Preis', stōtár- `Lobsanger' usw., av. staoiti `lobt, preist, besingt; betet', Partiz. stūta-, stūiti-, staotar- usw., erweitert ai. stṓbhati `preist, jauchzt'; gr. στευ̃ται `(*rühmt sich) verspricht prahlend'.

References: WP. II 620.

Pages: 1035

PIE database: PIE database

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *č`ā́bu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sound, fame

Russian meaning: звук, слава

Turkic: *č(i)āb

Mongolian: *čuw

Tungus-Manchu: *čab-

Comments: Владимирцов 256, Poppe 44; despite Щербак 1997, 193, not borrowed in Turk. < Mong. A Western isogloss.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *č(i)āb

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fame, good reputation, news

Russian meaning: слава, хорошая репутация , новости

Karakhanid: čav (MK, KB)

Turkish: čav

Middle Turkic: čaw (Sangl.)

Azerbaidzhan: čov

Turkmen: čāv (arch.)

Khakassian: sab-laɣ 'renowned'

Shor: šap-tɨɣ 'renowned'

Oyrat: čap

Halaj: čov (may be < Az.)

Tofalar: šaɣ

Comments: VEWT 93, EDT 393. Final -p in Siberian languages is not quite clear.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *čuw

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 rumour, gossip, echo, fame 2 to sound, cry

Russian meaning: 1 слух, эхо, слава, дурная слава 2 звучать, кричать

Written Mongolian: čuu (L 207) 1, čuugi- 2

Khalkha: čū 1, čūgi- 2

Buriat: sū hurag 1, sūja- 2

Kalmuck: cǖ 1, cūgi-, cǖgi- 2

Ordos: čū 'notorious', čūgi- 2

Dagur: čōgīn 1

Comments: KW 435, 436. Mong. > Kirgh. čū and some other Kypch. forms.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *čab-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to be noisy 2 noise 3 to resound

Russian meaning: 1 шуметь 2 шум 3 отдаваться, разноситься (о звуке)

Evenki: čiwi-, dial. čawir- 1

Negidal: čawgị- 1

Ulcha: čāo 2

Orok: čajịqotčị- 1

Nanai: čawalị- 3, čaō 2

Comments: ТМС 2, 389.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *c̣aw-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: говорить, сообщать

English meaning: to say, report

Georgian: c̣av-

Megrel: c̣o-, c̣u-, c̣i-, c̣-

Laz: c̣-, c̣u-, c̣v-

Notes and references: EWK 494-495. ?Ср. алт. *sābo "слово, замечать".

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