Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *myal-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'call'

Nzangi: miyèle [Kr}

Notes: isolated word, morphology?

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *mVl-

Meaning: speak, call

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *mVl- 'speak'

Berber: *mVl- 'say, indicate' 1, 'shout, call' 2

Central Chadic: *myal- 'call'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 584

Proto-Semitic: *mVl-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'speak'

Hebrew: mll

Aramaic: mll

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *mVl-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'say, indicate' 1, 'shout, call' 2

Tawllemmet: ǝmǝl 1

Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): mmel 2

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : MVLV

Meaning : to say, pray

Eurasiatic : *mVlV

Afroasiatic : *mVl- (ND 1409 *mVl- 'think' (Cush., Sem.))

Amerind (misc.) : *mali 'talk' (R 730)

Reference : ND 1409 *me(y)l̄V 'mind, be clever' (Ur. - SH).

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *mVlV

Meaning: pray

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *meldh- (cf. also *mleu-)

Altaic: *mi̯óle

Uralic: ? *mele

Kartvelian: *madl-

References: МССНЯ 348.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *meldh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to ask, to beg

Hittite: malta- (mald-) (II) 'geloben' (Friedrich 134)

Slavic: *modlītī; *modlā

Baltic: *mel̃d- (-ja-) vb., *mal̃d-ā̂ f., *mal̃d-ī̂-, -in̂- vb.

Germanic: *mild-ē- vb., *mild-ō- vb., *mild-ō(n-) f.

Russ. meaning: обращаться со словами, просить, умолять

References: WP II 284 f

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *mel̃d- (-ja-) vb., *mal̃d-ā̂ f., *mal̃d-ī̂-, -in̂- vb.

Meaning: ask, beg

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: mel̃sti (mel̃džia, -dē) `bitten, beten', maldà `Gebet, Bitte', maldī́ti, maldìnti `inbrünstig flehen, flehentlich bitten, anflehen, versöhnen'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *mildēn-, *mildōn- vb., *mildō(n)

Meaning: say, tell

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: meld `Bekanntmachen', meldian `anklagen, erklären'

Old Frisian: ūr-meldia `vermelden'

Old Saxon: meldon, meldian `angeben, erzählen'; melda f. `verraad'

Middle Dutch: melden `aangeven, verklappen, meedelen, melden'

Dutch: melden

Middle Low German: melden 'angeben, verkünden, verraten, zeigen, nennen'

Old High German: melda `Anklage, Angabe, Verrat' (9.Jh.), meldōn, meldēn (9.Jh.) `angeben, verraten, erzählen, nennen'

Middle High German: mëlden wk. 'angeben, verkünden, verraten, zeigen, nennen'; mëlde st. f. 'verrat, angeberei, verleumdung; gerücht; anzeige, meldung'

German: melden

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1265

Root: meldh-1

English meaning: to pronounce ritual words

German meaning: `rituelle Worte an die Gottheit richten'

Material: Arm. malt`em `ich bitte'; asächs. meldōn `angeben, erzählen', ahd. melda `Angeberei, Verleumdung', meldōn, -ēn `melden, angeben, verraten', ags. meld `Bekanntmachung'; lit. meldžiù, mel̃sti `bitten, beten', maldà f. `Bitte; Gebet', Iterat. maldaũ, maldýti; apr. maddla `Bitte, Gebet'; auf Grund von Dissimilation von *mold-lā zu *modlā `Bitte': čech. modla `Götzenbild, Tempel' und poln. modɫa f. `Gebet'; mit -dl- zu -l-: aksl. moljǫ, moliti `bitten', refl. `beten', usw.; aus `weihen und schlachten' dann `zu bestimmter Zeit schlachten' in russ. molítь, usw.;

    hitt. ma-al-ta-i, ma-al-di (mald-) `betet'.

References: WP. II 289, 291, WH. II 20, Trautmann 177, Benveniste BSL. 33, 133 ff., Mudge Lg. 7, 252.

Pages: 722

PIE database: PIE database

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯óle

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to present, gift

Russian meaning: дарить, подарок

Turkic: *bẹlek

Mongolian: *melǯe-

Tungus-Manchu: *mula-

Korean: *mūr-

Japanese: *mǝ́ráp-, *mǝr-

Comments: The basic meaning of the root is "to present (or obtain) a gift"; a metaphorical change "present a gift > condescend > pity" must have occurred in TM.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *bẹlek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: gift

Russian meaning: подарок

Old Turkic: belek (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: belek (MK)

Turkish: belek (dial.)

Tatar: büläk

Middle Turkic: belek (Sangl.)

Uighur: bäläk (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: pelek (ЯЖУ)

Oyrat: belek

Halaj: pelek

Chuvash: pil 'blessing'

Yakut: belex

Dolgan: belek

Tuva: belek

Kirghiz: belek

Bashkir: büläk

Karaim: belek 'приплод'

Comments: VEWT 69, TMN 2, 413, EDT 338, ЭСТЯ 2, 112-113, Дыбо 1997, 78-79, Лексика 348-349, Stachowski 57. In Егоров 160, Федотов 1, 431 the Chuv. form is regarded as a variant of pexil 'blessing' ( < Pers.), which is insecure phonetically. Derivation from bele'swaddle' (Clark 1977, 132) is highly dubious. The labialized vowel in Bashk., Tat. is a result of contamination with *bölek 'part'. Turk. > WMong. beleg, Kalm. belǝg (KW 41; TMN ibid., Щербак 1997, 104), whence Evk. belek etc., see Doerfer MT 141 (but Аникин 127 regards Evk. belek as borrowed < Yak.).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *melǯe-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 a bet, wager 2 to bet

Russian meaning: 1 ставка, пари 2 делать ставку

Written Mongolian: melǯige 1, melǯi- 2 (МХТТТ)

Middle Mongolian: milǯeldu- 'ссориться (из-за вещи)' (MA)

Khalkha: melʒē 1, melʒe- 2

Buriat: melze- `refuse'

Kalmuck: melzǝ 1 (КРС)

Ordos: melǯēčǖl- 'faire concourir pour un prix'

Comments: Mong. > Manchu melǯe- etc. (see Rozycki 156).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *mula-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to pity

Russian meaning: жалеть

Evenki: mulān-

Even: mụlān-

Negidal: molān-

Ulcha: munalsị-

Orok: mụnālị-

Nanai: monịalsị-

Oroch: muńalisi-

Udighe: muńali-

Solon: mụlān-

Comments: ТМС 1, 554.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *mūr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to pay, compensate

Russian meaning: платить, возмещать

Modern Korean: mul-, mulli-

Middle Korean: mūr-, mùr'í-

Comments: Liu 334, Nam 224, KED 677, 679.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *mǝ́ráp-, *mǝr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to obtain, receive gifts 2 to guard, protect

Russian meaning: 1 получать, принимать подношения 2 защищать

Old Japanese: m(w)orap- 'to expect, await', m(w)or- 2

Middle Japanese: móráf- 1, mor- 2

Tokyo: mòra- 1

Kyoto: mórá- 1

Kagoshima: morá- 1

Comments: JLTT 727.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1429

Proto: *mele (*mēle)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: reason, understanding

German meaning: Sinn, Gemüt, Verstand, Vernunft

Finnish: mieli (gen. mielen) 'Sinn, Gemüt, Laune, Gefühl'

Estonian: meel (gen. meele) 'Sinn; Gesinnung, Überlegung, Verstand, Gedächtnis'

Saam (Lapp): miellâ -l- (N) 'disposition, temper, desire, opinion, sense, senses, wits', miella (L) 'Sinn, Lust, Gefallen, Verstand, Meinung', mīll (T Kld. A), miell (Not.) 'Sinn; Verstand'

Mordovian: meĺ (E), mäĺ (M) 'Sinn'

Udmurt (Votyak): mi̮l (S), mǝ̑l (K) 'Lust, Wunsch', mị̑l (G) 'id., Gemüt, Gesinnung', mal-pal-, nal-pal- (S K) 'denken, fühlen', malpal- (G) 'denken, im Sinne haben', mi̮l-ki̮d (S), mǝ̑l-kǝ̑d (K) 'Gemüt, Herz, Sinn'

Komi (Zyrian): mi̮l-ki̮d (S), mi̮v-ki̮d (P) 'Verstand, Gemüt, Charakter', mølkø^.d (PO) 'Charakter', mi̮la (VO) 'нежный, приятный (о голосе)', me̮vpal-, me̮pal- (V), me̮lpal- (S) 'denken, überlegen'

Sammalahti's version: *meeli

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *madl-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: благодарение, милость

English meaning: gratitude, grace

Georgian: madl-

Megrel: mard-

Svan: madl- ( < Georg.)

Notes and references: Климов (1994, 186-187) выводит основу из ПИЕ *meldh- 'молиться'.

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