East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *-bar- > *bawar-/*ʔabar-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'wind' 1, 'blow (wind)' 2

Kera: bòorè 2 [Eb]

Kwang: ká-bār 1, bōōré 2 [Jg]

Mobu (dial. Kwang): ká-bá̄r 1 [Jg] , boore 2 [Lns] (souffler)

Bidiya: ʔàbar 2 [JBid]

Notes: cf.KAJAKSE búrùurú ( partial redupl. ? pl.) 'whirlpool; tourbillon' [Alio]

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *bar-

Meaning: wind

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *bāriḥ- 'hot wind'

Western Chadic: *bur- 'harmattan'

Central Chadic: *b/ḅar- 'wind' 1, 'tornado' 2

East Chadic: *-bar- 'wind' 1 > *bawar-/*ʔabar- 'blow (wind)' 2

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1731

Proto-Semitic: *bāriḥ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'hot wind'

Arabic: bāriḥ-

Notes: Based on *bar-?

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *bur-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'harmattan'

Kifri=Giwo: bùrá [St]

Notes: Cf. redupl. stem: Mupun vǝvı́r (< *bVvir, lenition in the medial position and assim.) `whirbrlwind' [FrM].

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *b/ḅar-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'wind' 1, 'tornado 2

Mbara: bàràwáy 2 [TrMb: 229],

Dghwede=Zǝɣwana: ma-burà 1[Kr: 112];

Munjuk: ḅaray 2 [TrMj]

Musgu: bebeer, berbéér 1 [LMsg]

Notes: partial redupl. in Msg, cf. bẹrbẹr 'cold (of wind)' [LukMsg]

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVRV

Meaning : storm

Eurasiatic : *burV ( >> *p-)

Afroasiatic : *bar-

Reference : МССНЯ 332, ОСНЯ 1, 188-190; ND 223 (with somewh. different SH).

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *burV ( >> *p-)

Meaning: storm

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *poru

Uralic: *purV, *purkV

Kartvelian: Georg. bur- ~ bor- 'haze, fog'

Dravidian: *poṛ- (?)

Eskimo-Aleut: *piʁ-tu- (-i-ʁ-)

References: МССНЯ 332, ОСНЯ 1, 188-190; ND 223 *buRV, *buR(K)V 'storm' (partially confused with *bur(H)V 'dust'); ND 227 *bV(h)RV 'blow, inflate, swell' (for SH parallels).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *pŏ̀ru

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to snow, rain

Russian meaning: идти (о снеге, дожде)

Turkic: *bora-

Mongolian: *boruɣa

Tungus-Manchu: *pur-

Korean: *pora

Japanese: *pùr-

Comments: Poppe 21, Ozawa 288-289, ОСНЯ 1, 188-189, АПиПЯЯ 69. Cf. *bŏ́ru, a contamination with which should explain Mong. *b- (one would expect *h- with low tone and shortness).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *bora-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 North wind 2 to snow heavily

Russian meaning: 1 северный ветер 2 обильно падать (о снеге)

Turkish: bora(k) 1

Turkmen: bora- 2

Kazakh: bora- 2

Comments: VEWT 80, ЭСТЯ 2, 189-192, Лексика 45.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *boruɣa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 heavy rain 2 to snow, sleet

Russian meaning: 1 ливень 2 идти (о снеге, дожде со снегом)

Written Mongolian: boruɣa(n) 1 (L 121), burɣana- 2 (L 137: burɣani-)

Middle Mongolian: boro'an (SH)

Khalkha: borō(n) 1, burgana- 2

Buriat: borō 1, burga- 2

Kalmuck: borān 1

Ordos: borōn 1

Shary-Yoghur: boroŋ

Monguor: burōn (SM 36) 'little rain'

Mogol: bɔrɔn (Weiers) 1

Comments: KW 51, MGCD 158. Mong. > Chag. boraɣan etc. (TMN 1, 219-220); Evk. būrga etc. (ТМС 1, 111).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to drizzle 2 slush 3 to fall (of first snow) 4 wind (changing its direction)

Russian meaning: 1 моросить (о дожде) 2 шуга, слякоть 3 выпадать (о первом снеге) 4 ветер (меняющий направление)

Even: horụ- 3, hụ̄rqa 4

Literary Manchu: furana- 'запылиться'

Orok: purē- 1

Nanai: puruekme 2

Comments: ТМС 2, 44, 334, 349, 353.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *pora

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: snow-storm

Russian meaning: снежная буря

Modern Korean: nun-pora, nun-pore

Comments: KED 362.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *pùr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to rain, snow

Russian meaning: идти (о дожде, снеге)

Old Japanese: pur-

Middle Japanese: fùr-

Tokyo: fúr-

Kyoto: fùr-

Kagoshima: fùr-

Comments: JLTT 694.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 830

Proto: *purkV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: snowstorm

German meaning: Schneegestöber; stöbern

Finnish: purku (gen. purun) 'Schneefall', purkusää 'Schneegestöber' (cf. also pyry, pyrky 'Schneegestöber')

Saam (Lapp): bǫr'gâ -rg- (N) 'cloud, spray (of snow), bor'gâ- -rg- 'be driving snow, blow in clouds', bǫrge- -rg- 'smoke; make water splash all around one', pår`kēsti- (L) 'rauchen, wirbeln; herumfliegen (von Haaren)', pork-ø_ilm (Not.) 'Schneegestöber', por̄^gk̄^A (Ko. Not.), pòr̄^gk^(A) (Kld.), por̄^gk^(A) (T) 'Schneegestöber', po̯r̄Ḡα- (Ko. P), pòr̄^gkα- (Kld.), por̄^gka̮- (T) 'stöbern (Schnee)'

Mordovian: porga-, purga- (E), purga- (M) 'spritzen, sprühen', ? porf (M) 'Schneegestöber'

Mari (Cheremis): purɣǝ̑ž (U), purɣǝ̑ž (B) 'Schneegestöber', purɣa- (U) 'stöbern, wirbeln (Schnee, Staub)'

Udmurt (Votyak): purǯ́- (S), purʒ́- (K) 'verweht werden (z. B. Staub od. Federn)'

Komi (Zyrian): pi̮ra (Lu.) 'Schneewehe', pi̮rźi̮- 'Schnee, Schmutz od. Staub vom Winde herangeweht werden', pørźø^.t- (PO) 'hineinwehen (Schnee)'

Khanty (Ostyak): pŏrki̮ (V) 'Rauch', părχa (O) 'Schneefall ohne wind und mit großen Schneeflocken', pŏrki̮-wat (V) 'Schneesturm', părtǝ- (O) 'zugeweht werden'

Mansi (Vogul): porkē̮ (T), pork (P), porχaj (So.) 'Schneegestöber, Schneesturm', po̮rat- 'es schneit, stöbern' ?

Nenets (Yurak): pārontāj (O) 'Schneewehe' ( > Khanty parǝnti 'Schneehügel, Schneewehe')

Selkup: purqālče- (TaU) 'verschneien, verwehen', purājiŋpāt (Ča.) 'es stöbert', purqāt (Ty.) 'Schneegestöber', purqālča- (TyM) 'streuen, ausstreuen (auch Schnee)'

Sammalahti's version: FU *purki

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *poẓ-

Meaning : to pour

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *Poẓ-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *poṛ-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *Poẓ-

Meaning : to pour, flow

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : poẓi (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to pour forth, shower (as rain), discharge in abundance, give liberally; flow, overflow, abound (as wealth)

Tamil derivates : poẓivu flowing, raining, abundance; poẓil greatness, largeness

Malayalam : poẓi

Malayalam meaning : pouring, shower, outlet of a river into the sea

Malayalam derivates : poẓiyuka to pour down, flow off, drop (as leaves, fruits), shower; poẓikka to shower down, let drop; poẓiccal pouring, oozing; poẓippu overflowing, giving overdue measure

Tulu : boriyuni

Tulu meaning : to yield milk

Tulu derivates : boripini, (B-K) boḷi to milk

Proto-Nilgiri : *poḍ-ǝv-

Notes : A complicated case: Kota and Tulu contradict each other as to what regards the initial consonant. However, it is impossible to tell exactly which one is the real correspondence to Tamil-Malayalam.

Number in DED : 4556

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *poḍ-ǝv-

Meaning : to increase in numbers (intr.)

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : poṛv- (poṛd-)

Number in DED : 4556

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *poṛ-

Meaning : to flow

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : poṛp- (poṛt-)

Number in DED : 4556

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *piʁ-tu- (-i-ʁ-)

Meaning: whirling snowstorm

Russian meaning: пурга, буран

Proto-Yupik: *piʁtu-, *piʁci-ʁ-

Proto-Inupik: *piqtu-, *piqci-ʁ-

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 264

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *piʁtu-, *piʁci-ʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: whirling snowstorm 1, to whirl (about snow) 2

Russian Meaning: буран, пурга 1, мести, вьюжить 2

Chaplino: piχtúq (t) 1, cf. pǝʁjí (t) 'snow-drift after the whirlwind'

Naukan: piχtúq 1, piχsíʁāquq 2

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: piχciʁ- 2

Chugach (AAY): KP piχtuq 1

Koniag (AAY): paiχtuq 1, paiχciʁ- 2, AP piχtuq 1

Chugach (Birket-Smith): piqciχtuq 'snow is drifting'

Central Alaskan Yupik: piχtuk, piχta 1, piχciʁ- 'to be a blizzard'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 264

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *pịqtų-, *pịqcị-ʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: whirling snowstorm 1, to whirl (about snow) 2

Russian meaning: буран, пурга 1, мести, вьюжить 2

Seward Peninsula Inupik: piqsiq- 2

SPI Dialects: Imaq píqtoq 1, piqsēqtoq 2, W piqsetoq* 2

North Alaskan Inupik: piqsiq- 'to be a wet snowstorm'

NAI Dialects: B piqtoq* 1, piqsiqtoq* 2

Western Canadian Inupik: piqtuq 'drift snow', piqsiq- 2

WCI Dialects: Cor piqtoq* 1, piqx́iqtoq* 2, Net piqsilaqi- 'to drift (snow)'

Eastern Canadian Inupik: pīqtuq 'snow flurry', piʁsi(q)- 'to snow'

ECI Dialects: Tar pīʁsi(q)- 'to snow'

Greenlandic Inupik: piʁsuq (persoq*) 1, piʁsiʁ- 2

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 264

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