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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *ʔun- /*ʔiwin-
Meaning: 'tie'
Migama: 'ònnò [JMig]
Mubi: éwén [Lk: ̯̣́]
Birgit: ʔùnā̀yí [Jg]
Sokoro: úna [Lk: 42]
Notes: Cf. redupl. in Sokoro nínē [Lk: 42]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-mig,echet-mub,echet-brg,echet-sok,echet-notes,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔin-
Meaning: cord; tie
Notes: Cf. *wan-.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-notes,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: iny (ME)
Meaning: 'cord'
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *ʔin-
Meaning: 'tie'
Diri: în [SkNb]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-dir,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *ʔa/in- 'tie'
Gude: anyi [Hs], ʔyīn- [Kr N 432]
Fali Jilvu: ʔin- [Kr]
Hide: ʔyiŋ- [Kr]
Fali Muchella: ʔin(yi)
cchet-prnum,cchet-gde,cchet-faj,cchet-fmb,cchet-fam,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : NVJV
Meaning : hair, rope
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ŋVjV
Meaning: hair
References: ND 1649 *ŋ[uw]äyV 'long hair' (+ Chad. Mrg.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ŋū̀je
Meaning: long hair
Russian meaning: длинные волосы
Comments: Дыбо 10, Лексика 146, 423. In Jpn. *ua would be expected - which would yield OJ wo (therefore undistinguishable from *bua or *bǝ). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *öjek
Meaning: part of animal's skin under the neck or between legs
Russian meaning: подгрудок
Turkish: öjek (dial.)
Turkmen: öjek (dial.)
Khakassian: ȫk
Oyrat: öjök
Chuvash: vaja, vaǯa
Tuva: öjek
Kirghiz: ȫk
Bashkir: üjsek
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *öjekej
Meaning: lower part of animal's belly
Russian meaning: нижняя часть живота животного
Written Mongolian: öjekei, (L 633 öjüke) Khalkha: öjöxij
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ŋūjelse
Meaning: 1 hair under the neck 2 tie, scarf
Russian meaning: 1 волосы под шеей 2 шарф, шейный платок
Evenki: mujālle, mūjēlle 1
Even: ŋöjelrъ ~ möjelrъ 1, ŋȫjeke 2
Orok: ŋīwelte 1
Comments: ТМС 1, 551, 665. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-ork,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *bǝ̀ (*buà)
Meaning: tail
Russian meaning: хвост
Old Japanese: wo
Middle Japanese: wò
Tokyo: ó
Kyoto: ṑ
Kagoshima: ó
Shuri: jū
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-shu,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1142
Proto: *wäjä
English meaning: long animal hair
German meaning: longes Tierhaar
Mari (Cheremis): wäjä (KB) 'Verbrämung aus Lammfell', (Szil.) waja 'die längeren Haare an Fellen; die Zotte an Wollstoffen' ?
Nenets (Yurak): jeit́e- (Sjo.), wieje- (Kis.) 'mit Rentierbart Muster sticken', jeićīwi (O) 'gestickt' ?
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mar,uralet-nen,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *majir
Meaning : hair
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *majir
Meaning : hair
Tamil : mayir
Tamil meaning : hair of human beings or animals, fur, fleece, down of birds, tail of the yak
Tamil derivates : macir hair
Malayalam : mayir
Malayalam meaning : hair
Tulu : jameri
Tulu meaning : (?) the hair about the body
Miscellaneous : IRU megaru hair; meguru, moyiru hair of body
Notes : Tamil macir due to 'hypercorrection'?
Number in DED : 4707
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *mīr
Meaning : hair
Kota : mīr "hair, feathers"
Toda : mīr
Number in DED : 4707
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *ńuja-, *nuja-
Meaning: hair
Russian meaning: волос
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 244
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *ńuja-, *nuja-
Meaning: hair
Russian Meaning: волос
Sirenik: nujǝ́χ, //jujǝχ [Miller]
Chaplino: nujáq (t)
Naukan: nújaq
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: nujaq
Chugach (Birket-Smith): nu̮ạq
Central Alaskan Yupik: nujaq
Nunivak (Peripheral): nujaq*
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 244
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *nuja-, (*nujja-t)
Meaning: hair
Russian meaning: волос
Seward Peninsula Inupik: nujaq
SPI Dialects: Imaq nújaq, W nujaq* (nujāk, nussąt)
North Alaskan Inupik: nujaq (nutsat pl.)
NAI Dialects: B nujaq* (nuttcąt pl.), Ingl nujaq*
Western Canadian Inupik: nujaq
WCI Dialects: Cor nux́x́ąt*, nujait* pl., M nujaq*
Eastern Canadian Inupik: nujaq
Greenlandic Inupik: nujaq (nutsat pl.) (nujaq*)
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 244
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *ŋʷojŋ̣ъ
Meaning (Rus.): хвост
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ŋoʒŋъ-n
Meaning (Rus.): хвост 1, зад, таз, круп 2
Chukchee: ŋójŋǝ-n 1, 2
Koryak: ŋójŋǝ-n 1, 2
Palan: ŋojŋǝ-n, ŋojŋ-pe dim. 1
Alutor: ŋujŋǝ-n
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *ŋosh (*m-)
Meaning (Rus.): хвост (рыбы, зверя)
Itelmen: ŋosx (ŋosx-a'n pl.) 1, ŋojj-aj magn. 3
Itelmen meaning: хвост (рыбы, зверя) 1, плавник 2, хвостовой плавник 3
West Itelmen: nosɣ, nosx, (noś'-an poss.) 1, gos (goś'-an poss.) 2, nẹɣnẹ-l-kaz 3
West Itelmen meaning: cauda 1, cauda avis 2, remigare 3
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): ogon 1, ogon u ptaka 2, wiosɫować 3
South Itelmen: muzi-d pl.
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): caudae
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): ogony
Number in Volodin 1976: 31, 164, 29
Comments: В зап. камч. nẹɣnẹ-l-kaz буквально значит 'работать плавником', использование Дыбовским знаков "ять" = [ẹ] указывает на велярный характер носовых.
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-vol,itelet-comments,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ħwēŋɦV̆́ (~-ʕ-)
Meaning: rope, string, sinew
Comments and references : HGC 31. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ħwimɦV (~-ʕ-)
Meaning: string, lace
Notes: A Lak-Lezg. isogloss. Correspondences are regular, and there is no chance of borrowing, thus the common EC reconstruction is probable.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: iIn
Meaning: lace, thong
Lak form: iIn
Comments: Cf. Khosr. iIn id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʡʷim:
Meaning: 1 string 2 loop 3 string (on a yoke)
Lezghian: jeb 1
Agul: ʕub 1
Rutul: ʔIub 2
Tsakhur: ʔIum 2
Kryz: ʕäbi 3
Budukh: ʕabi 3
Comment: Lezg. erg. jep:-ini. 3d class in all class-distinguishing languages. The obl. base is hard to establish (vocalic base preserved only in Tsakh., with variation ʔIuma-/ʔIumɨ-). The Shakhdagh forms go back to a suffixed building *ʡʷim:V-j. One can not exclude the possibility of relating here also Ud. ülmäj 'button' (if metathesized < *ʡʷim:V-lV-j).
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ńɨ̆H
Meaning: sinew
Tibetan: ńa muscle.
Burmese: hńǝwʔ bowstring.
Comments: Peiros-Starostin 217.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 餌
Modern (Beijing) reading: ěr
Preclassic Old Chinese: nhǝʔs
Classic Old Chinese: nhǝh
Western Han Chinese: nhǝh
Eastern Han Chinese: ńhǝh
Early Postclassic Chinese: ńhɨ̀
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńhɨ̀
Late Postclassic Chinese: ńhɨ̀
Middle Chinese: ńɨ̀
English meaning : a k. of cake; fish bait; sinew [L.Zhou]
Russian meaning[s]: 1) приманка, наживка; 2) приманивать, завлекать; соблазнять, обманывать; 3) род блина
Comments: Both Mand. and Viet. point to a MC variant *ńɨ́, OC *nhǝʔ (unattested). Standard Sino-Viet. is nhĩ. For *nh cf. Fuzhou ne5.
Radical: 184
Four-angle index: 2674
Vietnamese reading: nhu`'
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-viet,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔāŋ (~x-)
Meaning: string
Ket: āŋǝ 'string'; aŋ-gej6, aŋɨn-gej5 'to bind'
Yug: āŋ 'string'
Kottish: anaŋ 'string'; ōŋaŋ 'bind', praet. olāŋan, imp. ōlaŋ, pass. ōlāŋe
Comments: ССЕ 186. Werner 1, 39 <*agǝŋǝ / *aʔǝŋǝ>. The reconstruction of *-g- here is based on an old Ket recording högaŋa / hogaŋa 'gewundenes Seil' which - because of h- - is most probably a compound (*pVʔV-ʔāŋ 'woven string', see *pVʔV), so the form *agǝŋǝ cannot be justified.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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