Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: ỉknw

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'Hacke' MK (EG I, 140); <*ʔVklVw, metathetic <*ʔV-kul or *ʔV-k(V)wVl ?

Notes: In Takács 1999, 216 -n- is otherwise interpreted as *-n- and compared to Ch. W.: Ang. čĕn, Sura čáan, Mupun čāan, Jmb. kǝyaŋga 'hoe'; reconstructed as Afras. *ky-n

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔa-kʷal-

Meaning: k. of hoe/axe

Semitic: *(ʔa-)ku/al- 'a hammer/axe-like tool'

Egyptian: ỉknw (<*ʔV-kul or *ʔV-k(V)wVl ?) 'hoe'

Western Chadic: *kawal- 'hoe'

Central Chadic: *kwul- '(handle of) hoe/axe'

Beḍauye (Beja): *kwal- 'axe; hoe'

Low East Cushitic: *kal-t- 'axe; k. of stick'

High East Cushitic: *kal-t- 'small axe'

Warazi (Dullay): *-kal- or *ʔa-kal- 'k. of spade'

Omotic: *kall- axe; stick'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1945

Proto-Semitic: *(ʔa-)ku/al-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: a hammer/axe-like tool

Akkadian: akkullu 'a hammer-like tool, tool for field work' OAkk. on (CAD a1, 276; secondary reduplication of k <*ʔa-kull-?), kullu 'hoe' Lex. (Ibid. k 508)

Syrian Aramaic: ʔaklā 'malleus' (Brock., 17)

Arabic: ʔaklat- 'marteau, mailloche?' (Blachère, Chouémi & Denizeau 1964, 166)

Argobba: S. Arg. kalka 'ax' (Leslau 1997, 208; redupl. <*kalkal rather than from Cu. E. kalta "with an occasional alternance k:t" Ibid.

Harari: kalka 'ax' (Leslau 1997, 208; redupl. <*kalkal rather than from Cu. E. kalta "with an occasional alternance k:t" Ibid.

Notes: Sel. kälta, Wln. kältä, Zw. halta 'small ax' must be Cushitisms - see Cu. below and LGur., 342

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *kawal-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'hoe'

Hausa: Hs. káálài 'a worn-out long-handled hoe' (considered a Kanuri loan-word, which is unlikely in view of other Ch. and Afras. data; cf. also kalme 'k of small hoe' <*kal-mi, and kala 'gleaning' Abraham 1962, 462, 459)

Karekare: kàlà 'hoe' (from Hs.?) (Stolbova 1996, 60)

Gera: kwalli 'hoe' (Stolbova 1996, 60)

Tule: Jimi kwalo 'hoe' (Stolbova 1996, 60)

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *kwul-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: '(handle of) hoe/axe'

Bura: kuli 'a handle of an axe, hoe, etc. Bura 111

Wamdiu: kùl 'hoe' (Stolbova 1996, 60)

Hildi=Margi Mbazuwa: kwùlū 'hoe' (Stolbova 1996, 60)

Bedauye (Beja) etymology :

Bedauye: kŭála-ni 1, kŭaláy 2, kŭl- 3

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'Axt, Beil, Haue' (Reinisch 1895, 142) 1, 'Stock, Stab' (Ibid.) 2, 'hämmern, hauen' (Ibid. 139) 3

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *kal-t-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'axe; k. of stick'

Oromo (Galla): kalta 'small axe' (LGur., 342)

Baiso: kal-te 'axe' (Lamb. Wol.,)

Konso: ƛ̣ali-tta 'crutch, stick' (Lamb. Wol.,)

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *kal-t-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'small axe'

Qabenna: kalta 'small axe' (LGur., 342)

Burji (Bambala, Dashe): kált-e 'shaft (of plough); small axe' (Sas. Bur., 113), 'plough' (Huds., 114)

Kambatta: kalta 'small axe' (LGur., 342)

Warazi etymology :

Proto-Warazi: *-kal- or *ʔa-kal-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'k. of spade'

Dihina: takale 'Grabstock ohne Klinge' (Dull., 245; <*ta-kale or *t-akale <*ta-ʔakal-, with prefixed t-?)

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *kall-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'axe; stick'

Ometo: Wol., Kač̣ama kaal-ta 'axe' , Dawro, Gamu kal-ta id., Dač̣e, Zaisse, Koyra kallo 'stick, club' (Lamb. Wol., 411)

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