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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: ỉkw (ME)
Meaning: 'quarry'
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔVkoʔ-
Meaning: stone
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-egy,afaset-cch,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *kwaʔ-
Meaning: 'stone'
Mafa=Matakam: kwa [BaMaf]
Nzangi: kwoʔo [Kr N 141]
Buduma=Yedina: kaw [LBud]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mtk,cchet-nza,cchet-bud,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVWV
Meaning : stone, mountain
Amerind (misc.) : ? *hakʷa 'stone' (R 697) [+ A] African (misc.) : ?? Bantu *-gùè 'stone'.
Notes : PAA may be < ST.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-notes,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *kiwV
Meaning: stone
References: МССНЯ 343, ОСНЯ 1, 298; ND 968 *kiw(V)ħE 'stone'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 325
Proto: *kiwe
English meaning: stone
German meaning: Stein
Finnish: kivi (gen. kiven) 'Stein'
Estonian: kivi (gen. kivi, kive)
Mordovian: kev, käv (E), kev (M)
Mari (Cheremis): kü (KB U), küj (B)
Udmurt (Votyak): ke̮ (S), kȯ (K), ke̮ (G) 'Mühlstein'
Komi (Zyrian): iz-ki (S)
Khanty (Ostyak): köɣ (V), kew (DN O) 'Stein'
Mansi (Vogul): küw (TJ), käw (KU P), kaw (So.)
Hungarian: kő (acc. követ)
Sammalahti's version: *kiwi
Yukaghir parallels: šäu, χäi 'Stein'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,uralet-yuk,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *kwa-
Russian meaning: камень
English meaning: stone
Georgian: kwa-
Megrel: kua
Laz: kwa-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 197, EWK 375-376. Иллич-Свитыч (ОСНЯ 1, 298) сравнивает с урал. *kiwe 'камень' и восстанавливает ностр. *kiwi. Аналогичное сравнение см. Бомхард 1996, 169.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kō(v)-
Meaning : up, high; mountain
Proto-South Dravidian: *kō dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *kō
Meaning : mountain
Tamil : kō
Tamil meaning : mountain
Number in DED : 2178
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *kō-
Meaning : a Khond, man of a certain hilltribe
Telugu : kōdu
Dialectal forms (1) : kōduvā̃ḍu
Additional forms : Also kōya name of a certain tribe of mountaineers
Number in DED : 2178
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kov- (?)
Meaning : high, up
Notes : This root, which encapsulates the self-naming of many Dravidian tribes, is extremely hard to reconstruct. Besides the differences in vocalism, the inlaut consonant is very hard to determine; especially since some of the etyma may be borrowed (thus, kūbi is not the self-naming of Konda speakers themselves, but of Konda Dora dialect speakers). The root itself seems to be an old derivative of the word for 'mountain', in Tamil kō: this form points rather to a PGn variant *kov-.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *koj-
Meaning : Gond; Koya
Betul Gondi : koitur (pl. kōītōṛk) "a Gond male"
Gommu Gondi : koy "Gond man"
Koya Gondi : koytanḍ (pl. koytaṛ) "Koya man"
Yeotmal Gondi : koy "Gond man"
Chindwara Gondi : koya "Gond man"
Adilabad Gondi : koya "(SR) Gond man"
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Tr fem. kōītāṛ
Number in DED : 2178
Number in CVOTGD : 913
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_g,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_y,gonet-gondi_ch,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : kūbi
Meaning: the Konḍa Dora (the speakers of this language)
Number in DED : 2178
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kui
Meaning : up; west
Kui : kūi "the Kond tribe or language"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kūviŋa "the Parja Khonds"
Kuwi (Schulze) : kui "up, above, west"
Additional forms : Also Kui kūenju a Kond man or boy, fem. kūali; kui above, aloft, over; kuiki to the place above; kuiṭi from the place above; Kuwi_S kūita in the west
Notes : The word's structure is unique (no other cases of PK *ui), and the derivation process in Kui (kui 'above' - kūi 'those who are above') suspiciously reminds of Sanskrit vrddhi, although it's just a thought.
Number in DED : 2178
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *ɣъv, *-ъvɣъ-
Meaning (Rus.): камень
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ɣъbɣъ-n, *ɣъb ", *-ъɣbъ-n
Meaning (Rus.): камень
Chukchee: wúkwǝ-n, wǝ́kwǝ-n, wuu-, -kwǝ-n (II)
Koryak: wǝwwǝ-n, -wwǝ-n (II), wǝww-en poss.
Palan: ɣǝvɣǝ-n, ɣǝw- (II), ɣǝvɣ-en poss., ɣeŋ-vɣ-o pl. 'грузило'
Alutor: ɣǝv-ɣǝv ", ɣǝv-uwwi pl., -wwǝ-n
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *'wa-, *koɣʷ(a), -wăn
Meaning (Rus.): камень
Itelmen: wa-č, wa-ɣal coll. 1, pna-wen 2, wa-te-kes 3
Itelmen meaning: камень 1, точильный камень 2, окаменеть 3, каменистый 4
West Itelmen: va-č [u̯ač*] (va-n pl., va-'an poss.) 1, van 2, va-'al coll. 3, va'aĺ-an adj. 4, faĺ-an pna-van 5
West Itelmen meaning: lapis 1, onus 2, saxum 3, ferreus 4, serra 5
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): kamień 1, ciężar, balast 2, skaɫa 3, żelazny 4, piɫa 5 (< 'ножевой точильный камень')
South Itelmen: ŭa-n ['uva-ču*] (ŭa-d pl.) 1, vata-rat pl. (coll.) 2
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): lapis 1, rupes, saxa 2
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): kamień 1, skaɫy 2
Number in Volodin 1976: 28, 29, 126, 125, 93
Stebnitsky reference: 91
Comments: Отмеченная kow представляет собой развитие стаpого анлаутного ваpианта основы *ɣǝv-, остальные фоpмы отpажают стаpый медиальный ваpиант с сочетанием *-ǝɣvǝ-. Зап. камч. ̊wapk'ol является сложением, где вторая часть восходит к слову 'нож для выделки', и скорее значило 'камень для ножа'. В юж. камч. vata-rat представляет собой образование с помощью аффикса coll. -rat от формы множественного числа va-t(a).
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-vol,itelet-steb,itelet-comments,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʡá̆[x]qVwV
Meaning: mountain, hill
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʡăwq_V
Meaning: mountain slope
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ħabχV
Meaning: shady slope of a mountain
Chechen: ħäwχē
Ingush: ħowχe
Comments: The Chech.-Ing. form contains a locative suffix -ē.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: jaq
Meaning: mountain slope
Lak form: jaq
Comments: Gen. pl. jaq-urdil. Cf. also Khosr. jaq 'heap, mound'. Lak. > Darg. Chir. jaqʷ 'heap'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔawχ:(a)
Meaning: 1 gutter 2 ditch, drain 3 slope; breast
Agul: aχʷ 1
Rutul: waχ 2 (Khniukh.)
Archi: χ:ʷa
Udi: aqI 3
Comment: The Arch. form χ:ʷa means 'part of the mountain bordered with growth'. Cf. also Ag. Bursh. aχʷ 'wood, forest'. All the different meanings in Lezg. languages can be explained by the original meaning "mountain slope" > a) "woody place, wood, forest"; b) "slope > drain, ditch". The Arch. form probably reflects a former locative (in *-aʔ) with initial reduction.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *khʷɨ
Meaning: hill, mound
Lushai: kô a mound, a bank.
Lepcha: khu mountain
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 丘
Modern (Beijing) reading: qīu
Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷǝ
Classic Old Chinese: khwǝ
Western Han Chinese: khǝw
Eastern Han Chinese: khǝw
Early Postclassic Chinese: khiw
Middle Postclassic Chinese: khǝw
Late Postclassic Chinese: khǝw
Middle Chinese: khǝw
English meaning : hill
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
Shijing occurrences: 37.1, 54.3, 58.1_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 120
Character: 丘
MC description : 流開三平尤溪
ZIHUI: 8002 1601
Beijing: ćhiou 11
Jinan: ćhiou 11
Xi'an: ćhiou 11
Taiyuan: ćhiou 1
Hankou: ćhiou 11
Chengdu: ćhiǝu 11
Yangzhou: ćhiôɨ 11
Suzhou: ćhiöy 11
Wenzhou: ćhiau 11
Changsha: ćhiôu 11
Shuangfeng: ćhiû 11
Nanchang: ćhiu 11
Meixian: khiu 11
Guangzhou: jau 11
Xiamen: khiu 11
Chaozhou: khu 11
Fuzhou: khieu 11
Shanghai: ćhiɨ 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *ku ( ~ gh-)
Meaning: mountain
Sunwar: rõ-gu rock, cliff
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-lim,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: thɛgu
Grammar: n.
Meaning: mountain, peak.
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *qäʔj
Meaning: mountain (wooded)
Ket: qaʔj, pl. qaŋńeŋ5
Yug: xaʔj, pl. xaŋńeŋ5; xaj-tɨl5,6 'small hill'
Kottish: xei, khei, pl. xējaŋ "Axtrücken, Messerrücken"; xēlēx, khēlēg, pl. xēlētn "Bergrücken" ( = Koib. (Мес.) gijlin 'mountain')
Arin: ena-háj (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.) "forest" [pine-forest?]
Pumpokol: kónnoŋ (Сл., Срсл.) "mountain"
Comments: ССЕ 256-257. For Yug Castren also gives (together with xai, qai ( = xaʔj) 'косогор') xei, qei 'mountain ridge': it is most likely a Kottish form misplaced. Similarly, in the "Сравнительный Словарь" we find an obviously Yug form xaj, together with the Pumpokol proper kónnoŋ 'mountain' (originally a plural form, cf. Ket qaŋńeŋ). Pump. kónnoŋ (despite Helimski КС 249) should be distinguished from Kott. hanaŋ 'shore', which - as rightly pointed out by the author - is a Uralism (Selk. qanɨŋ, Khant. χonǝŋ 'shore'). Werner 2, 78-79.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *qhū
Meaning: upper part of mountain
Hunza: qhū́
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *Ko
Meaning: island
Austroasiatic meaning: island
Proto-Thai: ko.A island
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *koh / *gɔ
Meaning: island
Thai: ko.A island
Proto-Khmu: *gɔh E?
References: S-166
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kat,aaet-kmr,aaet-mon,aaet-kmu,aaet-bib,
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Katuic etymology :
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Proto-Katuic: *koh
Meaning: hill
Presyllable: #
References: P-225; TK1.20; TK1.35a
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,
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West Katuic etymology :
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Proto-West Katuic: *koh
Meaning: hill
Presyllable: #
Bru Van Keu: kɔh
Bru Van Keu meaning: mountain
So: koh.N
So meaning: mountain
Bru: kɔh.N
Bru meaning: land (as oppose to sea)
Sou: kɔh
Kui: kâh.N
Kui meaning: jungle
Kuay: kâh.N
Kuay meaning: forest, woods
Ngeu: pǝkɔh.N
Ngeu meaning: forest, woods
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-vkv,wkatet-vkvme,wkatet-so,wkatet-some,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,wkatet-sou,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,wkatet-kuay,wkatet-kuayme,wkatet-ngeu,wkatet-nyeume,
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East Katuic etymology :
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Proto-East Katuic: *koh / *kɔh
Meaning: hill
Presyllable: #
Pakoh: koh.T
Pakoh meaning: mountain
Taojh: koh.T
Taojh meaning: mountain (PT-183)
Lao Katu: ku:h V?
Lao Katu meaning: stony ground
Ngeq: koh
Ngeq meaning: mountain
Kri: kɔh
Chatong: kɔh
Kantu dialects: kɔh
Dakkan dialects (1): kɔh
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,ekatet-tao,ekatet-taome,ekatet-lka,ekatet-lkame,ekatet-nge,ekatet-ngeme,ekatet-kr,ekatet-ct,ekatet-kntt,ekatet-dkl,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: kaoh
Meaning: island
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,
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Monic etymology :
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Proto-Monic:
Meaning: island
Modern Mon: tkaʔ, lkaʔ
Old Mon: tkoʔ, tkaʔ
Middle Mon: tkoʔ, tkaʔ
References: S-166
monet-meaning,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-om,monet-mm,monet-bib,
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