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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: wꜣr (22)
Meaning: 'curse (v.)'
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔawar-
Meaning: curse, insult
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-lec,afaset-hec,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 961
Proto-Semitic: *ʔur-
Meaning: 'curse'
Akkadian: arāru
Hebrew: ʔrr
Soqotri: ʔerer
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-hbr,semet-soq,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *ʔar-
Meaning: 'insult' 1, 'malicious conduct' 2
Warji: ā́r- 1 [SkNb]
Kariya: ār-1 [SkNb]
Ngizim: árũ 2 [ShN]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-wrj,wchet-kry,wchet-ngz,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *ʔir-
Meaning: 'insult'
Zime-Batna: ʔír [Sa]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-zbt,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *war-
Meaning: 'insult'
Dangla: wàrè [Fd]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-dng,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *ʔor-
Meaning: 'threaten'
Oromo (Galla): oriʔa
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-oro,
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High East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-High East Cushitic: *ʔar-
Meaning: 'be angry, be annoyed'
Sidamo: aar-
Darasa (Gedeo): aar-
Burji (Bambala, Dashe): aar-
Notes: Vocalism of a stative
hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-sid,hecet-dar,hecet-bmb,hecet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVRV
Meaning : angry
Amerind (misc.) : *iri 'angry' (R 11) [ + A ] globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-amer,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *jVrV
Meaning: to curse, be angry
Dravidian: SDr *īr_- 'anger, grief, fury'
References: ND 2643 *yerV 'misfortune, to curse, be angry' (Ur.-Drav., incorr. Alt. + Arab. ?). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *ares- <PIH *a->
Meaning: to be angry, to lose one's temper
Hittite: arsanai-/-ija- (II) 'beneiden, sich ärgern' (Tischler 67-68) (but cf. also harsallant- 'zornig', Tischler 182-184 without etymology)
Tokharian: A rse, B rser, räser 'Haß' (Adams 542)
Old Indian: irasyáti `to show enmity, be angry or envious', irasyā́ f. `enmity, malevolence'; īrṣyā́ f. `envy, spite, malice'
Avestan: araska- `Neid'; ǝrǝsi- `Neid'
Other Iranian: MPers, Npers arašk `Neid, Eifer'
Armenian: erram `siede, walle; bin in unruhiger Bewegung; wimmle, kribble; entzünde mich; bin leidenschaftlich erregt; bin oder werde eifrig, zornig'; herr `Zorn, Neid, Hader'
Old Greek: arǟ́ f. `Schaden, Unheil, Verderben', ap-arés = hügiés Hsch., áros = akoúsion blábos (Hsch.), arei̯ǟ́ f. `Verwünschung, Drohung' (Hom.), epḗrei̯a `übermütige Beandlung, Kränkung, Drohung', ep-ēreázdō 'to threaten abusively, to deal despitifully with, etc.'
Latin: errāre `(umher)irren, sich verirren'
Russ. meaning: гневаться, терять соображение
References: WP I 149 f
piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *ir̃š- (vb. intr.)
Meaning: angry
Lithuanian: ir̃šti (-šta, -šō) 'böse, zornig wrden'
Lettish: irstiês (-suôs) 'sich ärgern, zürnen'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *irziá-, *írsian- vb.
Meaning: anger, angry
Gothic: *ɛrzī-s (ja) `in error', *ɛrzī f. (n) `heresy'
Old English: eorre, -es, { ierre } n. `anger, wrath', eorre (ierre) `angry, enraged, fierced', yrsean (eorsian) `to make angry'
Old Frisian: irre `angry, embittered'
Old Saxon: irri `zornig'; irrean wk `conduse'
Middle Low German: erre
Old High German: irri `umherschweifend, verirrt, unwissend, zügellos' (9.Jh.); irran wk `confuse', irrōn wk. `be confused'
Middle High German: irre, ërre 'vom rechten wege abgekommen, verirrt; erzürnt, aufgebracht, ungestüm, herbe'; irren, md. ërren wk. tr. 'in verwirrung bringen, stören, hindern', intr. 'ungewis sein, irren, in der irre umherlaufen'
German: irr(e)
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ī́ru
Meaning: to be ashamed, shy, hostile
Russian meaning: стыдиться, быть робким, настороженным
Comments: One of many common Altaic verbs of emotion. Correspondences are quite regular, and the etymology seems reliable.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *īr-
Meaning: shame, be ashamed, frighten away
Russian meaning: стыд, стыдиться, отпугивать
Karakhanid: ir-, iril- (MK) Turkmen: īr-
Khakassian: irǝk- 'to languish, be bored'
Chuvash: jǝrǝn-
Yakut: īr- 'to rave, become crazy'
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *(h)ir-ba-
Meaning: discontent, cranky
Russian meaning: недовольный, раздраженный
Written Mongolian: irba- / jarba-, (L 413) irbaɣana- Khalkha: jarva-
Buriat: irba-
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ire(n)te-
Meaning: to be ashamed
Russian meaning: стыдиться
Spoken Manchu: irǝtǝ- 'to be bashful, to feel shy' (1969)
Literary Manchu: jerte-
Nanai: irente-
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *ɨrɨ-
Meaning: to scare, threaten, menace
Russian meaning: угрожать, пугать
Modern Korean: ɨrɨ-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *útúa-
Meaning: alienated, discontent
Russian meaning: отчужденный, недовольный
Old Japanese: utwo-
Middle Japanese: útwó-
Tokyo: utó-
Kyoto: útò-
Kagoshima: úto-
Comments: JLTT 844. The Tokyo accent is irregular; otherwise all evidence points to *útúa-. Cf. also *útuá(m)p- 'to shun, neglect', MJ utoma-si 'unpleasant, offensive'. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 184
Proto: *jerV
English meaning: damn; to swear, curse
German meaning: Fluch; (ver)fluchen, schimpfen
Udmurt (Votyak): juriśk- (S) 'schelten, fluchen, rügen', ju̇rị̑śkị̑-, ju̇riśkị̑- (G) 'verfluchen, verwünschen'
Komi (Zyrian): jor-ki̮v (V) 'Fluch, Schwur', jor- (S), jord- (P) 'verfluchen, verwünschen, beschwören', ju.r- (PO) 'клясть'
Mansi (Vogul): jēr- (TJ KU P So.) 'fluchen, verwünschen, beschwören, schimpfen'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-man,
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