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High East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-High East Cushitic: *ḳoʔ(V)l-
Meaning: 'nape, back of neck'
Hadiya (Gudella): ḳoʔlo
Kambatta: ḳoʔlu
Notes: Secondary *-ʔ-
hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-had,hecet-kmb,hecet-notes,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḳʷaʔVl-
Meaning: back of head, nape
Notes: Cf. HSED, 1583: Brb. Izy. aqeḷquḷ (<*-ḳVrḳVr , cf. Qbl. a-qarru); Hs., Kwan; Oromo, Had., Kmb.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-wch,afaset-ech,afaset-lec,afaset-hec,afaset-omo,afaset-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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East Chadic etymology :
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *ḳol-
Meaning: 'nape'
Oromo (Galla): qolee
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-oro,
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Omotic etymology :
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Proto-Omotic: *ḳVll-
Meaning: 'head'
Kafa (Kaficho): ḳɛllo
omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-kaf,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVLV
Meaning : neck, throat
Amerind (misc.) : *kala 'mouth' (R 491) globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳVlV
Meaning: neck
Comments: Cf. *kUlV
References: ND 1910 *q̇aLV 'neck' (+ Cush.). [Cf. also *kUlV; Kartv. q̇laṗ- 'swallow' - see ND 1916 *q̇[o]Lu/üpʔV 'to gulp, swallow' - comparing Kartv., Germ. *gulp-, Mong. kölbü̊ 'swallow, gulp' and Sem.]. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-kart,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *k(')ols-
Meaning: neck
Latin: collus, -ī m., collum , -ī n. `Hals (von Menschen und Tieren)' Hals von Flaschen, Pflanzen; Bergjoch'
Russ. meaning: шея
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *xálsa-z
Meaning: neck
Gothic: hals m. (a) `neck'
Old Norse: hals m. `Hals; Vorderteil des Schiffes'
Norwegian: hals
Swedish: hals
Danish: hals
Old English: heals (hals), -es m. `neck, prow of a ship'
Old Frisian: hals
Old Saxon: hals
Middle Dutch: hals
Dutch: hals m.
Middle Low German: hals
Old High German: hals (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: hals st. m. 'hals; hals u. kopf, hals u. brust'
German: Hals m.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1089
Root: kʷel-1, kʷelǝ-
English meaning: to turn; wheel; neck?
German meaning: `drehen, sich drehen, sich herumbewegen, fürsorglich um jemandem herum sein, wohnen' u. dgl.
Derivatives: kʷelo-, kʷolo- `Drehung, Rad', kʷol-so- `Hals' (lat. ir. germ.), kʷekʷlo-, kʷokʷlo- (?) `Rad'
Material: Ai. cárati, calati `bewegt sich, wandert, weidet, treibt' usw. (schwere Basis in cáritum, caritá-, cīrṇá-; carítra- n. `Fuß, Bein', carcūryámāṇa-, cūrtí-, auch wohl tuvi-kūrmí- `tatkräftig'), dehnstufig cā́ra- m. `Gang', usw.; av. čaraiti `versatur, obliegt einer Tätigkeit' usw., čarāna- `Feld', apers. parikarā `pflege! cole!'; s-Erweiterung in ai. karṣū́- f. `Furche', kárṣati, kr̥ṣáti `drehen, wenden, pflügen', av. karša- m. n. `Furche', karšaiti `Furchen ziehen';
gr. πέλω, πέλομαι `bin in Bewegung' (π Äolismus), Aor. ἔπλετο, Partiz. περιπλόμενος `umzingelnd (eine Stadt); sich herumdrehend, den Kreislauf vollendend (ἐνιαυτός)', mit außeräol. τε- = *kʷe-: περιτελλόμενος in ders. Bed. (τέλλω `vollende' Pind.), hom. τελέθω `bin, werde', kret. τέλομαι `ἔσομαι', kypr. τενται `er wird sein', auch τέλος n. `Ende', eigentl. `Wende' (τελέω `vollende', τέλειος, τέλεος aus *τελεσ-ο-ς `fertig, vollendet, reif, erwachsen', τελευτή `Vollendung, Beendigung, Ende'), wozu τέλσον (*τελσον, vgl. oben ai. karṣū́-) `Grenzfurche', d. i. `Wendestelle des Pfluges auf dem Acker'; πόλος `Achse (Drehpunkt); umgepflügtes (umgewendetes) Land', πολέω `bewege mich herum, verweile', ἀμφίπολος `Dienerin (Hom.), Diener' = lat. anculus `Diener, Knecht', αἰπόλος `Ziegenhirt', θεοπολέω `bin Priester' (daneben θεη-κόλος `Priester'); mit κ in βουκόλος `Rinderhirt' = mir. búachaill, cymr. bugail `Hirt' aus *kʷol(i)os mit Entlabialisierung nach u; πολεύω `bewege mich herum' (γη̃ν `pflüge um'), ion. att. ἐπιπολη̃ς `auf der Oberfläche', ἐμπολή `Handelsware'; πωλέομαι `bewege mich an einem Orte herum, komme häufig hin'; πάλιν `zurück' (Akk. eines *πάλις `Wendung'); κύκλος s. unten; die gr. π-Formen enthalten wohl z. T. idg. pel- s. unten;
alb. sjel `drehe um, wende, bringe' (*kʷel-); daneben kjel `bringe, trage' (*kʷolei̯ō), a-sul `Winterweide', eigentl. `Zutrift', për-kul `biege, krümme' (*kʷel-n-), kulp, kulpër `Waldrebe'(*kʷel-bh-);
lat. colō, -ere `bebaue, bewohne; pflege; ehre' (*kʷelō); colōnus `Landwirt, Bauer', incolere `bewohnen', incola `Einwohner', inquilīnus `Insasse', Esquiliae `Außensiedlungen'; über anculus s. oben;
colus, -ūs f. m. oder -ī f. `Spinnrocken' (*kʷelos `Spindel'), collus, -ī m. (alat.), collum, -ī n. `Hals, Bergjoch' (*kʷol-so-, got. hals);
air. cul `Wagen' (Dual. *kʷolō); mir. coll `Haupt' =
got. aisl. asächs. hals m., ags. heals, nhd. `Hals'; aisl. hvel n. `Rad' =
apr. kelan `Rad', lett. f. Pl. du-celes `zweirädriger Wagen';
aksl. kolo n., Gen. kolese `Rad', Pl. kola `Wagen' (Mischung von kʷolo- m. und kʷeles- n.);
bsl. *keli̯a- `Knie' in lit. kelỹs, ostlit. kẽlias `Knie', lett. celis ds.; lit. kelḗnas m. `Knie', ablaut. aksl. kolěno n. `Knie, Stamm, Geschlecht', vielleicht weiter zu slav. *čelnъ m., sloven. člện `Gelenk, Glied', klr. čeɫén `Glied';
toch. A källāš `bringt', Prät. śël, Pl. kalar (Pedersen Tochar. 183).
kʷekʷlo-, kʷokʷlo- (?) `Rad' in:
ai. cakrá- m. n. (Akzent sekundär) `Wagenrad, Scheibe, Kreis', av. čaxra- m. `Rad', gr. κύκλος `Kreis', Pl. κύκλοι und κύκλα `Räder', aisl. hjōl, hvēl (*kʷékʷelon-, germ. *hwéh(w)ula-) n., ags. hwēol (engl. wheel), daneben hweowol, hweogol (germ. *hweg(w)ulá-), mnd. wēl `Rad'; auch fries. fial ist wohl eine Dissimil.-Form für *hwewla-; vgl. auch phryg. κίκλην `der große Bär' (`Wagen'), lit. kãklas, lett. kokls `Hals' als `Dreher'; toch. A kukäl, В kokale `Wagen'.
Dehnstufig vielleicht (als `gedreht, rund') aisl. hvāll und hōll m. (letzteres aus dem Dat. Pl. hōlum aus hvālum) `rundlicher Hügel'.
References: WP. I 514 f., WH. I 45, 245 ff., 250, 846, Trautmann 125.
Pages: 639-640
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *q̇el-
Russian meaning: шея
English meaning: neck
Georgian: q̇el-
Georgian meaning (Rus.): шея, горло
Georgian meaning (Engl.): neck, throat
Megrel: 'al-
Svan: (?) mǝ-q̇l-a, mǝ-q̇l-i
Svan meaning (Rus.): шея, горло
Svan meaning (Eng.): neck, throat
Laz: q̇al-, 'al-, al-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 209, EWK 410 (вслед за Schmidt 1962 приводится сван. форма - ср., однако, ПВК *mVq̇_VɫV и андийские формы типа maq̇:ala - не исключено СК происхождение сван. формы). Ср. ПИЕ *kel- 'шея'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xḳwĕɫV̄́
Meaning: palate, cheek
Comments and references : WFR 30. [ST structure irregular].
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ħḳwĕɫV̄
Meaning: palate; mouth
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The structure *HCVCV̄ is reflected regularly in all languages except PL (*ḳʷäl:- would be expected) - which reflects a metathesized variant *ħlĕḳwV̄.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *laḳ
Meaning: 1 front part of neck 2 throat
Chechen: lag 1
Ingush: lak 2
Comments: Obl. base *laḳu- (cf. Chech. loga-). Cf. also Cheb. laḳ (with exceptional preserving of glottalisation), Lev. lag. 3d class both in Chech. and Ing.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ḳʷilV
Meaning: 1 mouth 2 neck, throat 3 hole
Avar: ḳal 1
Chadakolob: ḳal 1
Andian language: ḳol 1,3
Akhvakh: ḳoli 2
Comments: Av. paradigm A (ḳál-zul, ḳála-l; but Chad. C: ḳalí-l ~ ḳalá-l, ḳála-l). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. ḳʷela, Tlan. ḳela "neck".
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ḳaw
Meaning: palate
Akusha: ḳaw
Comments: Cf. also Kharb., Tsud. ḳaw etc.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *läḳʷ-
Meaning: palate
Agul: leḳ-men
Rutul: läḳʷa
Comment: 3d class in Rut.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Kal
Meaning: jaw, cheek
Tibetan: mgal jaw.
Comments: Magari gal cheek. Sh. 143.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-tib,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *k[è]l ( ~ ʔk-)
Meaning: face
Sunwar: kul
Tulung: kǝl
Kaling: ka-phi (?)
Comments: Toba 89 *ka--.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-notes,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *χol
Meaning: cheek
Ket: qɔĺet, pl. qɔĺerǝŋ5 (Bak., Sur. qoledǝŋ5)
Yug: xɔlat6,5; pl. xɔladɨŋ5
Kottish: hol, *hōl, pl. hōlaŋ; Ass. hólan (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.) "cheeks"
Arin: bɨ-qoĺoŋ (М., Сл., Кл.) "cheeks", bɨqoĺuŋ (Срсл.) id.
Comments: ССЕ 302. Ket and Yug reflect a form with the common body part suffix *-Vʒ. Werner 2, 100-101 <*qol>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-notes,
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