High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *bir(r)-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'silver'

Burji (Bambala, Dashe): birri

Kambatta: bira-ta

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *bir-

Meaning: metal

Semitic: *bi/urt- 'metal artifact'

Egyptian: byꜣ (Pyr - NK, Copt) 'metal (ore, copper?)'

Central Chadic: *HV-bir- 'iron'

East Chadic: *bir- 'iron'

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *bir- 'metal'

Saho-Afar: *bir-t- 'iron'

Low East Cushitic: *bir- 'metal'

High East Cushitic: *bir(r)- 'silver'

South Cushitic: *bir-t- 'iron'

Omotic: *bir- 'metal'

Notes: Cf. Sum BAR 'iron'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 2699

Proto-Semitic: *bi/urt-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'metal artifact'

Akkadian: bi/ertu 'Band, Fessel' a/j B, m/n A AHw 129; 'clasp, fetter' (bronze, iron) CAD b1 254-5 (as part of birītu 'in-between terrain'). Cf. annaku abāru 'lead, plumbum, pewter' (<Sum apar) Lieberman.

Arabic: burt- 'hache; flèche' BK 1 105, burat- 'anneau en fer qu'on passe dans la narine du chameau, et qui tient lieu du frein' ibid. 119

Geʕez (Ethiopian): bǝrt 'copper, brass'; bǝrat 'iron' (<Amh) LGz 108

Tigrai (Tigriñña): bǝrti '?', brät 'iron'

Amharic: bǝrt 'metal basin', brät 'iron'

Argobba: bräd 'iron'

Harari: brät 'iron'

Gurage: brät, bräd 'iron'

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: byꜣ (Pyr - NK, Copt)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ore, copper'

Coptic: ba- 'metal'

Notes: 'Gebrauchsmetall: Erz, Kupfer? Als Material für Waffen, für Gefässe, Götterfiguren, einem Thron und für Zugseile' EG I 436

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *HV-bir-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'iron'

Mofu-Gudur: bǝrey {BMof]

Gisiga: ḅire [LGis]

Munjuk: ḅre 'point de flèche' [TMnj]

Notes: Prefix *HV- reflected in the Gis initial emphatic.

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *bir-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'iron'

Somrai: bíírii, biri [Lk:77]

Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

Proto-Agaw: *bir-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'metal'

Qemant: birr

Saho-Afar etymology :

Proto-Saho-Afar: *bir-t-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'iron'

Saho: birtaa

Afar (Danakil): birtaa

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *bir-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'metal'

Somali: bir

South Cushitic etymology :

Proto-South Cushitic: *bir-t-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'iron, iron point'

Qwadza (Ngomvia): belet-iko

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *bir-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'metal'

Kafa (Kaficho): birewo

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