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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1070
Proto-Semitic: *pVʔVy-
Meaning: 'blow off'
Hebrew: pʔy
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-hbr,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *fiʔ-
Meaning: blow
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-scu,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *fiʔ-
Meaning: 'blow' 1, 'dry' 2, 'blow nose' 3
Sura: fii 1,2 [JgS]
Angas: fii 1, 2 [Fl]
Dera=Kanakuru: pḗ 3 [NmK]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-sur,wchet-ang,wchet-der,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *fa/iH-
Meaning: 'blow'
Tera: pi [Nm]
Bura: fia [Ann]
Mofu-Gudur: -f-́ [BMof]
Gisiga: fe [LGis]
Mada: évè [BMad]
Daba: ʔùf [CLR: 33]
Gude: ufi [CLR: 33]
Logone: fa [CLR]
Buduma=Yedina: pha, fá [CLR]
Zime-Batna: fóʔó [Sa]
Notes: -v- < -f- in Mada, met. in Daba and Gude. Also C 12 *foʔ- 'to blow' [Sy: 48] , tha latter ma go to *fwḥ- (HSED813)
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-ter,cchet-bur,cchet-mof,cchet-gis,cchet-bld,cchet-dab,cchet-gde,cchet-log,cchet-bud,cchet-zbt,cchet-notes,
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South Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-South Cushitic: *fiʔ-/*fuʔ-
Meaning: 'catch one's breath, rest' 1, 'sniff, snuff up' 2
Asa-Aramanic: fuʔ-it- 1
Qwadza (Ngomvia): fiʔ- 2
Notes: Secondary *-u-.
scuet-prnum,scuet-meaning,scuet-asa,scuet-kwz,scuet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVHV
Meaning : to blow
Amerind (misc.) : *puci 'blow' (actually *pu(w)- in many languages) (R 74) [ + A K] African (misc.) : Bantu *-pùŋg- 'blow' (and other pu-like roots).
Reference : МССНЯ 339. The NS data from GE 16 *puci rather belongs here. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṗuɣV
Meaning: to blow
Indo-European: *pū- 'blow, blow up' (Pok. 847) [very dubious]
References: МССНЯ 339; ND 1673 *puħV 'to blow' (with incorr. TM). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *p`ubá-ktV
Meaning: sack, bellows
Russian meaning: мешок, меха
Comments: Poppe 12, Цинциус 1984, 52. Despite Doerfer MT 47, Rozycki 76-77, TM cannot be borrowed from Mong.; but to be related, it has to go back to an earlier form like *pubta-kān. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *huwta
Meaning: sack
Russian meaning: мешок
Written Mongolian: uɣuta, uuta (L 865) Middle Mongolian: xuxuta (HY 20, SH), hutana (IM), ută (MA) Khalkha: ūt
Buriat: ūta
Kalmuck: ūtǝ
Ordos: ūta
Dongxian: fuda
Baoan: fda, fuda
Shary-Yoghur: ūta ( < lit.)
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *putakān
Meaning: sack, bag
Russian meaning: мешок, сумка
Evenki: hutakān
Even: hụtqan
Negidal: xotakān
Literary Manchu: fintaχa
Ulcha: pụta(n)
Orok: pụta
Nanai: pōtačã
Oroch: xuta(ka)
Udighe: xuta`a (Корм. 307) Solon: ụtxã
Comments: ТМС 2, 356. Evk. > Dolg. utaka, hutaka (see Stachowski 247). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pampuki
Meaning: bellows
Russian meaning: мехи
Old Japanese: pabuk(j)i
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 841
Proto: *puwV (*puɣV)
English meaning: to blow
German meaning: blasen
Mordovian: puva- (E) 'blasen, anblasen'
Mari (Cheremis): pue- (U B) 'blasen, wehen'
Khanty (Ostyak): pŏɣ- (V), pŏw- (DN) 'blasen'
Mansi (Vogul): pow- (T), pūw-, pu- (LU), puw- (So.)
Hungarian: fúj-, fú- 'blasen, anblasen, wehen', fuvall- 'sanft blasen', föl-fúvód- 'sich aufblasen'
Nenets (Yurak): pū- (O) 'blasen, wehen'
Enets (Yen): fueŋa- (Ch.), fuasa- (B) 'blasen'
Nganasan (Tawgi): fuaĺiʔé-, fuarú-
Selkup: puunga- (Ta.), puuwa- (Ke.), pūa- (Ty.)
Kamass: pшʔ- 'blasen, pusten'
Sammalahti's version: FU *puwi-
Addenda: Koib. публя; Mot. халнамъ
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *pu-
Russian meaning: надуваться, подниматься
English meaning: to expand, to rise
Georgian: puw-
Georgian meaning (Rus.): подниматься (о тесте); puwn- заквашивать (тесто)
Georgian meaning (Engl.): to rise (of dough); puwn- 'to leaven (dough)'
Megrel: pu-
Megrel meaning (Rus.): кипеть; pu-n- 'кипятить'
Megrel meaning (Eng.): to boil (intr.); pu-n- 'to boil (tr.)'
Svan: pw-
Svan meaning (Rus.): надуваться, подниматься; pwin-, püjn- надувать, заквашивать
Svan meaning (Eng.): to expand, rise; pwin-, püjn- 'to blow up, to leaven'
Laz: pu-; pun-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 192, EWK 361. Ср. ностр. *ṗuɣV 'дуть' (ОСНЯ: ПИЕ *pu(H), ПТМ *pū- (?), урал. *pū[ɣ]a); из картв. Иллич-Свитыч относит сюда же сван. pūl 'дуновение'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-meg,kartet-mgmean,kartet-emgmean,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *poɣ-
Meaning : smoke
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *pog dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *pUg-ai (*-ɣ-)
Meaning : smoke
Tamil : pukai
Tamil meaning : smoke, mist, vapour, steam
Tamil derivates : (-v-, -nt-) to smoke, emit vapour or steam; (-pp-, -tt-) to cause to smoke; pukaiccal smoke; pukaippu smoking, fumigation; pukaivu smoking; pukār mist, fog, haze
Malayalam : puka
Malayalam meaning : smoke, vapour
Malayalam derivates : pukayuka to reek, look dim, be darkened by smoke; pukekka to fumigate, preserve or dry by smoke
Kannada : poge
Kannada meaning : to smoke; n. smoke, steam, vapour
Kodagu : poge
Kodagu meaning : smoke
Tulu : pugè, pogè
Tulu meaning : smoke, vapour, fume
Tulu derivates : pugeyuni to smoke; pugepuni, pogepuni to fumigate
Number in DED : 4240
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *pUg-ä
Meaning : smoke, tobacco
Kota : peg
Toda : pax
Additional forms : Also Kota pog, pō tobacco
Notes : Kota pog is regular; Kota peg probably is a dialectal form due to umlaut.
Number in DED : 4240
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *pog-
Meaning : smoke, fume
Telugu : poga
Dialectal forms (1) : pova
Additional forms : Also [1] pogayu, [2] povayu to smoke; [1] pogucu, [2] pogacu, (K also) [3] pogapu to smoke, fumigate, fry, season with spices; [1] pogapu, [2] pogupu frying, seasoning with spices
Number in DED : 4240
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *pog
Meaning : smoke
Kolami : pog "smoke, tobacco"
Naikri : pog
Ollari Gadba : pog
Salur Gadba : pōgu
Kondekor Gadba : pōgu
Additional forms : Also Salur pogasur soot; Gadba_S3 pōga tobacco; pogḍ- (poguḍ-) to fill with smoke
Number in DED : 4240
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-s_3,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *poɣ-
Meaning : smoke
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-kui,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *poj-
Meaning : smoke; tobacco
Gommu Gondi : poyo "smoke"
Muria Gondi : poyo "smoke"
Maria Gondi : poyo "smoke"
Seoni Gondi : poya "smoke"
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : pogo "tobacco"
Maria Gondi (Lind) : pogā "tobacco"
Adilabad Gondi : poya "smoke"
Additional forms : Also Gondi_M poī smoke; Gondi_Mu poy- to smoke (intr.); Gondi_A (Su.) poyyūs- to season (curry)
Number in DED : 4240
Number in CVOTGD : 2372, 2398
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_g,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-gondi_l,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : pogo
Meaning: smoke
Number in DED : 4240
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *pōg-ṛi
Meaning : smoke
Khuttia Kui : pōkaṛi
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : bhoiyi
Kuwi (Schulze) : bōi
Sunkarametta Kuwi : bōyi
Parja Kuwi : bũy
Kuwi (Mahanti) : po'kaṛi
Kuwi (Israel) : bōyĩ
Notes : The inlaut consonant was a voiced one; this is confirmed by external CDR data and explains the voicening in Kuwi. In Kui, however, the opposite happened, and so the initial consonant remained intact (remember that we do not have the proper Kui form here, but only Khuttia form).
Number in DED : 4240
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kuttia,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_p,kuiet-kuwi_mah,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *puju-
Meaning: smoke, soot
Russian meaning: дым, сажа
Comments: Cf. KCh *puje 'cooked on vapour or fire, roasted meat, soot'. Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 272
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-newcom,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *puju-
Meaning: smoke 1, soot 2
Russian Meaning: дым 1, сажа, копоть 2
Sirenik: //pujǝχ 2, [Vakh.] 1
Chaplino: pujúq (t) 1, 2
Naukan: pujúk 2, 1
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: pujuq 1
Chugach (Birket-Smith): pujūvaq 'cigarette'
Central Alaskan Yupik: pujuq 1
Nunivak (Peripheral): pujoq* 1, 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 272
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *pụjų- (-ʁa-)
Meaning: smoke 1, steam, fog 2, to smoke, to give off smoke 3, soot 4
Russian meaning: дым 1, пар 2, дымить, коптить 3, сажа 4
Seward Peninsula Inupik: pujuq 2
SPI Dialects: W, KI pujoq* 1, 2, 4
North Alaskan Inupik: pujuq 1 (from chimney), pujuq- 3, pujuala-, putcuala- 'to make steam or smoke'
NAI Dialects: B pujoq*, pwijoq* 1, 2, 4, Qaw pujuq 1 (from chimney)
Western Canadian Inupik: pujuq- 1, pujuq- 3, pujuaʁuk 'kind of weather when powder snow in air is like smoke'
WCI Dialects: M pujoq* 'fog'
Eastern Canadian Inupik: pujuq 2, 1 (tobacco), pujuq- 'to give off steam', pujuʁaq- 'to be a light mist'
ECI Dialects: Iti pujuʁaq, pujuqqiq 'light mist'
Greenlandic Inupik: pujuq (pujoq*) 1, 2, 'mist', pujū̆ʁ- 3, pujuʁak 'frost smoke', puju(ʁ)alak 'dust'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 272
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *[p]ūHV̆́
Meaning: to blow
Comments and references : HGC 37, NSC 61 *pOHwV. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *pūHV
Meaning: to blow, blowing
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *puʔ- Notes: The root is obviously onomatopoeic; nevertheless, correspondences seem to be regular and the root may be safely reconstructed for PNC.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *hu(:)p
Meaning: to blow, blowing
Chechen: hup āla
Comments: Attested only in Chech., but with probable external parallels.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *puʔ-
Meaning: to blow
Avar: pú-jze
Akhvakh: hu-ruƛa
Tindi: pē-ʎa
Karata: puwa-ʎa
Godoberi: pu-di
Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. pu-ja-q:e, Ratl. pū etc.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-akv,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *pɨ-ƛʷ- (~ -i-)
Meaning: to blow 1 to swell, blow up 2 to whistle
Tsezi: peƛʷa 1
Ginukh: peƛ- 2
Bezhta: püƛe-
Gunzib: puƛa
Comments: PTsKh *piƛʷ- (~-ɨ-); PGB *puƛ-.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: pɨ
North Caucasian etymology: 862
Meaning: 1 air 2 to blow
Khinalug form: pɨ 1, pɨ-kʷi 2
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *p:Vwa (~b-)
Meaning: 1 to breathe 2 breath
Kabardian: bawa-n 1
Ubykh: bǝ́wa 2
Comments: The word is lacking in Ad. (bawa- 'to kiss' is quite a different root, despite Kuipers 14), thus *b- or *p:- may be reconstructed for PAK, and, consequently, for PWC. Despite Shagirov 1,77 the Kab. word is certainly not a Turkic loan, and the Ubykh word - not a loan from Kabardian.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *bŭ (-t)
Meaning: blow, breathe
Tibetan: ãbud (p. bus, phu(s), f. dbu, i. phu(s)) to blow, sbud bellows.
Burmese: phǝwʔ bellows.
Kachin: ǝphot2 to blow in puffs.
Lushai: phuʔ to blow out of the mouth.
Comments: PG *puCL breath, (?) *phw[ip] blow (with mouth); Kanauri phu- blow; Kham phwī to pump bellows, phōsa lung.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 弗
Modern (Beijing) reading: fú
Preclassic Old Chinese: pǝt
Classic Old Chinese: pǝt
Western Han Chinese: pǝt
Eastern Han Chinese: pwǝt
Early Postclassic Chinese: pwɨt
Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwɨt
Late Postclassic Chinese: pwɨt
Middle Chinese: püt
Fanqie: 夫物
Rhyme class: 物
English meaning : indicative-volitional negative: cannot, does not want to, not
Russian meaning[s]: 1) нельзя; не быть в состоянии; не желать; не; 2) американский доллар ($); 3) уст. хим. фтор, см. 氟; 4) сокр. вольт
Shuowen gloss: 橋也. 從丿. 從乀. 從韋省.
Comments: One of the OC *p-negations; see 不. Also used for *pǝt "not...it, them" (a fusion of 不 *pǝ and 之 *tǝ); although this usage is the basic one during late Zhou, it is rarely met in early texts. The character has also a homonymous reading *pǝt 'gust of wind', which may be the original meaning of the graph.
Radical: 57
Four-angle index: 4658
Karlgren code: 0500 a-c
Shijing occurrences: 28.1, 28.2, 28.3, 56.1, 56.2, 56.3
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-fanqie,bigchina-rhyme,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *pV(j)
Meaning: to blow
Ket: ugij (Werner 2, 375: úɣij, dúɣap / du:p3, North. duɣáp-pej 'I blow')
Yug: duap-pē (Кастр.) "blasen", praet. duabīr-fē, imp. uar-fē (Werner 2, 375: fɨ 'blow', duappɨ / dugapfɨʔ 'I blow')
Kottish: śifu "to blow (inf.)"; bafujaŋ "blow", praet. balafujaŋ, imp. alfu, pass. balāfu
Comments: ССЕ 254. Werner 2, 375 *phi / *phʌʔ.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *phu
Meaning: to blow
Hunza: phu ét-
Nagar: phu ét-
Comments: Sh. phu, Ba. phu bya, T 9101 [only Kho. phu korik, phuik; Skt. in phūtkarōti, obviously onomatopoeic]
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,
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