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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1924
Proto-Semitic: *s/ṣuḳl-
Meaning: leg, thigh; elbow
Arabic: suḳl- 'flancs, hypocondres' [BK 1 1109], ṣuḳl-, ṣuḳlat-, ṣaḳlat- do. [idid. 1354]. Note a meaning shift. Cf. also šāḳūl- 'verge, pénis' [ibid. 1255], with š- instead of the expected s- (<*ŝ- <*s influenced by -l?) if related; the meaning shift 'thigh' > 'penis' is a current one
Tigre: č̣ǝnḳǝlit 'coude' [LH 627, apud d'Abbadie]. Note a secondary nasalization
East Ethiopic: ZWY č̣iḳile 'elbow' [LGur 1 1205; 2 215]. Note a misprint čiḳile in [LGur 186]
Soqotri: suḳal 'pied' [LS 290] (cf. also [SSL LS 1470])
Notes: Probably related with suffixed *-l to *šāḳ- {} *sāḳ- 'thigh, leg', No. . Scarce attestation in Southern SEM area only; the ETH data questionable phonetically. The SOQ example, however, is well compatible with the ARB one, as it cannot be Arabism for semantic reasons.
Cf. ARB forms with ṣ- assimilated to -ḳ and a similar proces in TGR and ZWY (č̣ < *ṣ < *s-).
[LS 290]: SOQ, ARB
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-tgr,semet-east,semet-soq,semet-notes,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *c/c̣uḳl-
Meaning: thigh, leg, elbow
Notes: Phonetics varies greatly. Cf. *saḳ- 'thighbone, shinbone'. Cf. CCh. *cukul- 'to step' (ZBa cúkúl 'enjamber').
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-ech,afaset-lec,afaset-hec,afaset-wrz,afaset-mgg,afaset-omo,afaset-notes,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: sḳr (<*sḳl?)
Meaning: 'arm with an elbow' (phonetic sign)
Notes: Takács Lingua Posnaniensis 1977 (39), 100.
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *sa/u(n)gul-
Meaning: 'elbow' 1, 'leg, foot' 2
Bolewa: ba-šungule 1
Zem: šàgla 2 [Sm]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-bol,wchet-zem,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *sugul- (*-g- <*-ḳ-?)
Meaning: 'thigh'
Dangla: Cf. ko-tyingilo 'elbow' Sk 1992 100
Sokoro: súgul [Lk]
Notes: Voicing in inlaut?
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-dng,echet-sok,echet-notes,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *č̣/ḍiḳ/kil-
Meaning: 'elbow' 1, 'forearm' 2, 'foot' 3
Somali: Ogaden ciqil 1
Oromo (Galla): Borana č̣iqileʔ 1
Rendille: dikil 1
Baiso: č̣ilik 3 (met.)
Konso: ḍikla (Black), ḍiqilá1, ḍiqil-eetá 2 (Lamberti)
Gidole (Dirasha): ḍilk 1, 2; Mashile ḍikil-ét 1
Notes: Cf. Amh č̣ǝḳǝll 'elbow'.
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-som,lecet-oro,lecet-rnd,lecet-bay,lecet-kon,lecet-gdl,lecet-notes,
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High East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-High East Cushitic: *ṭunḳul-
Meaning: 'elbow'
Hadiya (Gudella): ṭunḳula
hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-had,
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Warazi etymology :
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Proto-Warazi: *ṣ/ḍikil-
Meaning: 'elbow'
Gawwada (Gawata): Dalpena ḍiḫil-ḫó
Tsamay (Dume, Gaba, Kule): ṣikile
Gollango (Wellango): ṭihille
wrzet-prnum,wrzet-meaning,wrzet-gaw,wrzet-tsa,wrzet-gll,
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Mogogodo etymology :
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Mogogodo: ṭokleʔ (?)
Meaning: 'forearm'
mgget-prnum,mgget-meaning,
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Omotic etymology :
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Proto-Omotic: *sukul-
Meaning: 'foot'
Ometo: Kačama sukule (Con Ros)
Notes: Assimilation of vowels. No traces of the emphatic *-ḳ.
omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-ome,omoet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVKV
Meaning : arm, leg
Amerind (misc.) : *saka 'hand' (R 350) [+ A K]; *caka 'leg' (R 428) [+ A] African (misc.) : Cf. Macro-Khoisan *c̮qa "lower leg, shin". Reference : ND 356 (Nostr+SH, but SH somewhat differently); GE 43 *tsaku (+ NC, NS, IP, dubious Austric). globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *c`VjḳV
Meaning: elbow, forearm
Uralic: Khant. săg(-ǝńt́) 'back side of leg, foot', Saam. čæwɣa 'hock' (GE 43)
References: ND 356 *c̣aq̇(a)[ĺ]V (or *c̣aq̇V) 'elbow, part of a limb' (Kartv.-Alt.) nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *č`ak`e
Meaning: forearm
Russian meaning: предплечье
Comments: Дыбо 311, Лексика 250. A reconstruction *č`ajk`e is not excluded because of the Korean form; this is perhaps the reason for *-x- in TM (where in this context one would rather expect *čakan). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *čɨkan(ak)
Meaning: elbow, forearm
Russian meaning: локоть, предплечье
Tatar: cɨɣanaq (dial.)
Uzbek: čekänäk (dial.)
Uighur: ǯäjnäk
Sary-Yughur: čikenek
Khakassian: čɨɣanax
Shor: šɨɣanaq
Oyrat: čaɣanaq
Chuvash: čike 'cubit'
Tuva: šenek
Tofalar: če'henɛk
Kirghiz: čɨqanaq
Kazakh: šɨɣanaq 'bay'
Noghai: šɨɣanaq
Bashkir: sɨɣanaq (dial.)
Balkar: čɨna
Karaim: cɨɣanaq
Karakalpak: šɨɣanaq
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *čaxan
Meaning: 1 place under the knee 2 calf of leg 3 back part of heel 4 cubit, armpit
Russian meaning: 1 место под коленом 2 икра ноги 3 задняя часть пятки 4 локоть, подмышка
Evenki: čakan, čāke 1, čakča 2
Negidal: čaxā 3
Nanai: čaχã 4
Comments: ТМС 2, 378, 380. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-neg,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *čjàkái-
Meaning: groin, inguinal region
Russian meaning: пах, паховая область
Modern Korean: čagämi
Middle Korean: čjàkái'jám
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ć̣q̇rta
Russian meaning: локоть
English meaning: elbow
Georgian: c̣q̇rta
Megrel: č̣q̇irta, č̣q̇ǝrta
Svan: č̣itx
Notes and references: Доп.; ЭСКЯ 254, EWK 534-535. Ср. алт. *zegutV "бедро", ПИЕ *skek(tH)- id.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-notes,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *č̣V́[l]xḳwV
Meaning: foot
Comments and references : In PY cf. *čiG in *χɔlV[č]iG, see *q̇_HwVlV (~-ɫ-).
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *č̣V[l]ḳ_wV
Meaning: hoof, foot
Notes: A Nakh-And. isogloss, thus the vocalic reconstruction and reconstruction of the medial resonant are uncertain; nevertheless, the comparison seems plausible.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *č̣alḳo
Meaning: hoof
Batsbi: č̣alḳŏ
Comments: Isolated in Bacb., but with rather probable Andian parallels.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *č̣:iḳʷa
Meaning: foot
Andian language: čuḳa
Akhvakh: c̣:eḳa
Comments: In And. a dissimilative loss of glottalization has occurred (cf. also Khaidakov's notation: č̣eḳa).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ćok / *ćoŋ
Meaning: foot
Tibetan: ćhag (resp.) shoe.
Comments: Cf. also Naga *ʒVŋ 'foot', Sichuan *c̣hV id.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 足
Modern (Beijing) reading: zú
Preclassic Old Chinese: ćok
Classic Old Chinese: cok
Western Han Chinese: cok
Eastern Han Chinese: cjok
Early Postclassic Chinese: cjok
Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjok
Late Postclassic Chinese: cjok
Middle Chinese: cjöuk
English meaning : leg, foot
Russian meaning[s]: 1) нога; ступня; лапа; 2) ножка; основание, подошва; 3) достаточно, довольно; быть достаточным, удовлетворять; заслуживать, стоить; годиться; мочь; 4) вполне, совершенно; в высшей степени; [jù] чрезмерный; чересчур
Comments: Also very frequently used for a homonymous *ćok 'be sufficient, enough'.
Radical: 157
Four-angle index: 5836
Karlgren code: 1219 a-b
Go-on: soku
Kan-on: siyoku
Japanese reading: soku+;ashi+;tariru;tasu
Shijing occurrences: 17.2_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 458
Character: 足
MC description : 通合三入燭精
ZIHUI: 6398 0833
Beijing: cu 12
Jinan: ćy 11
Xi'an: cou 11
Taiyuan: ćyǝʔ 41
Hankou: cou 12
Chengdu: ćyo 12
Yangzhou: cɔʔ 4
Suzhou: coʔ 41
Wenzhou: ćyo 41
Changsha: côu 4
Shuangfeng: cǝu 12
Nanchang: cuk 41
Meixian: ciuk 41
Guangzhou: čuk 41
Xiamen: ciɔk 41
Chaozhou: cok 41
Fuzhou: cöyʔ 41
Shanghai: coʔ 4
Zhongyuan yinyun: ciu 42
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *-śóɣun
Meaning: 1 hip, thigh 2 pelvic bone
Yasin: -śóɣon 1
Hunza: -śúɣun 2
Nagar: -śúɣun 2
Comments: Sh. śugnei ā̃ti
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,
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