Semitic etymology :

Number: 1942

Proto-Semitic: *(ʔV-)g(w)ar- (or *hugar-)/*garh-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: field, arable land

Akkadian: ugāru 'Feldflur, Ackerland' OAkk. on (AHw, 1402; acc. to von Soden, from Sum., but more likely from Sem. *(ʔV-)g^(w)ar- or *hugar-)

Arabic: ǯawwār- 'laboureur' (BK 1, 353; nomen agentis <*gwr)

Geʕez (Ethiopian): garha 'to plough', garāht, garh 'field, arable land, farm. estate' (LGz., 202)

Tigre: gärhat 'field' (LGz., 202)

Tigrai (Tigriñña): Tna. gǝrat, pl. gǝrahǝw 'field' (LGz., 202)

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(HV)g(w)Vr-

Meaning: cultivated field; tilling, hoeing

Semitic: *(ʔV-)g(w)ar- (or *hugar-)/*garh- 'field, arable land'

Berber: *HigVr 'field, arable land'

Western Chadic: *gwVgr- (<*gwVrgVr-?) 'to till the soil'

Central Chadic: *ŋgwurum- 'hoe'

Notes: < *ʔV-gʷar- related to *gwar- or gu/ar- 'to collect, harvest', with *ʔV- prefixed, or < *hVgwVr- to compare to Eth. *garh-, with metathesis.

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *HigVr

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'field, arable land'

Ntifa: igǝr 'champ de céréales' (Laoust 1920, 258)

Seghrushen: Mṭmṭ iǯǝr , Mṭmṭ iǯǝr 'champ de céréales' (Laoust 1920, 258)

Shawiya: iḡr, iyǝr 'terrain cultivé' (Laoust 1920, 258)

Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): iǯǝr 'champ labouré et ensemencé de céréales (orge, blé)' (Dallet 1982, 270)

Notes: hardly from Lat. ager

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *gwVgr- <*gwVrgVr-?

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'to till the soil'

Pero: gbúgrò 'to till the soil' (Frajzyngier 1985, 31; <*gwVgr- <*gwVrgVr-?)

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *ŋgwurum-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'hoe'

Higi Ghye: (Gye) ŋ̀gwuru

Fali Jilvu: Fali (Kiria) ùŋwuru-mu; (Gili) ŋ̀wur

Notes: (<*HVgwur-mV, with an instrumental suffix and loss of the laryngeal compensated by nazalization of the velar? Stolbova combines these examples with Hs. kṓrámḗ and C. Ch. forms in k-, ŋ- and h- reconstructing *qoram-, see Stolbova 1996, 71)

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