Semitic etymology :

Number: 1968

Proto-Semitic: *(ʔi-)bar- 'ox, bull, calf'

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ox, bull, calf'

Akkadian: būru (pūru) 'young calf (without regard to sex; male calf just before full maturity'; foal, kid (the young of quadrupeds)' OB on [CAD b 340], [AHw 141], burtu (purtu) 'cow, heifer calf' OB on [CAD b 334], [AHw 141]

Ugaritic: cf. ibr 'caballo' + 'toro' /ʔa/ib(b)īru/ DLU, 5 ("de animal corpulento macho" does not follow from the contexts quoted) @

Hebrew: ʔabbīr 'bull' = 'strong, powerful' and 'stallion' HAL, 6. The only passage (the other , Jr. 46:15 is obscure) is Is 34:7 where nothing points to any strength@

Modern Arabic: Yem. bārah 'cow' [Piamenta 44]

Tigre: bara 'ox' [LH 274]

Amharic: bare 'ox, bull' [K 874] (or <*bʕr)

Harari: bāra 'ox, bull' [LH 44] (также baʔara [ibid. 39]) (or <*bʕr)

East Ethiopic: Wol. barä, Zwy. būrä 'ox (for farming)' [LGur. 150]

Gurage: Cha. Eža Muh. Msq. Gog. Sod. bora, Gye. bawra, End. bawrä, Enn. bawǝra 'ox (for farming)' [LGur. 150], Muh. bäre 'calves' [ibid. 149] (or <*bʕr)

Mehri: hǝ-bɛ̄r 'camels' [JM 41] (semantically doubtful)

Harsusi: ḥe-byār 'female camels' [JH 14] (semantically doubtful)

Notes: Cf. *bVʕVr-

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(ʔa-)bVr(Vy/w)-

Meaning: bull

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *(ʔi-)bar- 'ox, bull, calf'

Egyptian: *br(w) 'bull' (?)

Western Chadic: *bar- 'buffalo'

Central Chadic: *bari- 'bull'

East Chadic: *bur- 'bull'

Beḍauye (Beja): bVʔray 'bull, cow' (<Eth?)

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *bir- 'ox' (<Eth.?)

Saho-Afar: *ʔabur- 'bull, ox'

High East Cushitic: *bōr-a 'young bull' (<Eth?)

Omotic: *bor- ~ bariy- 'bull'

Notes: Related to *baʔraw/y- 'k. of antelope'? Cf. LGur. 151; HSED 183, 340, EDE II, 54-55; cf. Brb. Zng. ta-barār-t 'chamelle'. Cf. Sem. *bVʕVr- 'large cattle; camel' (<*bVʕ-Vr-?) - cf. Dah. ḅe:ʕa, pl. ḅe:ajú 'buffalo' EEN 33. Cf. Dolg ND 225a.

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: bꜣwy

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'Kampfplatz der Stiere' 20 Din. E-G I, 415 (EDE II, 53)

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *bar-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'buffalo'

Gera: bara [ShV:113]

Notes: ???Cf. Zul bar-nami 'roan antelope' [Cs:N237] barnami 'buffalo' Tak. II, 54, apud Skn (nami'meat).

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *bari-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bull'

Logone: Log.-Kuri beri 'Stier' Tak.II,54 apud Lukas

Buduma=Yedina: báriē 'Stier' ibid.

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *bur-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bull'

Mokilko: búrú 'boeuf' Tak. II, 54 apud Jung.

Bedauye (Beja) etymology :

Bedauye: beʔrā́y

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'Stier, Rind'

Notes: <Eth?

Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

Proto-Agaw: *bir-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ox, bull'

Bilin: birā

Khamir: birā

Qemant: birā

Notes: EDE II, 54; <Eth?

Saho-Afar etymology :

Proto-Saho-Afar: *ʔabur-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bull, ox'

Afar (Danakil): abur, pl. aburwa 'bull, ox' Tak. II, 54 apud PH 1985, 30 {no PH in Tak.!}

Notes: Cf. also bʕr (<Eth?), bʔr -see Tak. II, 55

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *bōr-a

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'young bull'

Sidamo: boor-to

Hadiya (Gudella): baara

Kambatta: boora

Notes: Huds. 1989, 406; cf. LGur. 149, 151

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *bor- ~ bariy-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bull' (all - Tak. II, 54)

Ometo: Wolaita bōr-ā 'bue' Crl = bōr-a 'ox' LS, Zala bōr-ā 'bue' Crl, Gofa bor-a 'ox' LS, Gamu bōr-a 'not castrated bull' Sottile 1999, 429, Dawro (Kullo) bor-a 'bue' CR-Crl., Dache bōr-a (fatigue) ox' LS, Zayse bōr-ā 'bue' Crl., Chara bōr-ā 'bue' Crl.

Kafa (Kaficho): bariy-ō 'vitello' Cerulli 1951, 415

Mocha: bariy-o 'steer' Lsl. 1959, 23

Bworo (Shinasha): (Gonga) ber-ō 'bue' Crl.

Sheko: bariy-o 'bull' LS

Notes: Tak. II, 54-55

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVRV

Meaning : horned animal

Eurasiatic : *bVrV

Afroasiatic : *(ʔa-)bVr(Vy/w)- (cf. also *birk-)

Sino-Caucasian : ST *bhVr (?) 'goat, sheep', NC *bħǝrc̣_wV (~-ʕ-) 'cattle'?

Reference : ND 225a.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *bVrV

Meaning: horned animal

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *bhreidh-

Altaic: *bi̯ŏ́ŕu

Dravidian: *paḍḍ-/*bar_-

Comments: Cf. *ṗVrV

References: ND 225a *b[A]ʡVrV 'bovine'.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *bhreidh-, *bhrendh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: deer

Baltic: *breîd-ia-s (2), *braid-ia-s m.

Germanic: *brind=, *brund=

Albanian: brëni Horn, Geweih

Russ. meaning: скот (олень)

References: WP II 205

Comments: Messap. <bréndon = élaphon> Hsch., <brénton = hē tē̃s eláphou kephalḗ> Seleukus bei Steph. Byz. 185, 16 ff

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *breîd-ia-s (2), *braid-[a]-s m.

Meaning: deer

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: bríedi-s `Hirsch'

Lettish: briêdis `Elen (Cervus alces); Rothirsch (C. elaphus)'

Old Prussian: braydis `Elen' V.650

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *brind=, *brund=

Meaning: deer

IE etymology: IE etymology

Norwegian: bringe `männliches Elentier', dial. brund `Männchen vom Renntier'

Swedish: dial. brind, brinde `männliches Elentier'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 297

Root: bhren-to-s

English meaning: herdsman

German meaning: `Geweihträger, Hirt'

Material: Messap. βρένδον (aus *βρέντον) `ἔλαφον' Hes., βρέντιον `Hirschkopf' Hes., brunda ds., Kurzform (neben Brenda) zum ON Brundisium, älter Βρεντέσιον `Brindisi', illyr. VN Βρέντιοι; ven. FlN Brinta `Brenta'; noch heute in ital. Berg- und Pflanzennamen (Bertoldi IF. 52, 206 f.); vgl. dazu alb. brî, brîni `Horn, Geweih' (*bhr̥-no-), Plur. geg. brîena; raetorom. brenta `Tragkorb';

    nschwed. dial. brind(e), norw. (mit g aus d) bringe `männliches Elentier' (*bhrentós), ablaut. norw. brund `Männchen vom Renntier' (*bhrn̥tós);

    lett. briêdis `Еlеn, Rothirsch', falls aus einer idg. Nebenform *bhrendis, muß die Quelle von lit. bríedis, apr. braydis m. `Elch' sein; ob germ. Lw.?

    Vielleicht zu bhren- `hervorstehen, Kante'; anders Specht Dekl. 120.

References: WP. II 205, WH. I 116 f., 551, 852, A. Mayer KZ 66, 79 ff., Krahe Festgabe Bulle 191 f.

Pages: 168-169

PIE database: PIE database

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *bi̯ŏ́ŕu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: calf, lamb

Russian meaning: теленок, ягненок

Turkic: *buŕagu

Mongolian: *biraɣu

Tungus-Manchu: *biaru

Korean: *puruk

Japanese: *pítú-nsí

Comments: KW 69, Владимирцов 361, Poppe 21, 81, Новикова 1972, 117. In Jpn. we have to assume a secondary vocalic development in a long word: *pútí-(u)si > *pítú(n)si (the word is most probably a compound with *úsí 'cow' in the second part, cf. the Korean match).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *buŕa-gu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: calf

Russian meaning: теленок

Old Turkic: buzaɣu (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: buzaɣu (MK, IM)

Turkish: buzaɣu; dial. buza- 'to bear a calf', Osm. buza-la- 'id.'

Tatar: bɨzaw

Middle Turkic: buzaɣu, buzaɣ, buzaw (Sangl., MA, Pav. C.)

Uzbek: buzɔq

Uighur: mozaj

Azerbaidzhan: bɨzov

Turkmen: buzaw

Khakassian: pɨzo

Shor: puza (R)

Oyrat: bɨza

Chuvash: pъʷru

Tuva: bɨzā

Kirghiz: muzō

Kazakh: buzau

Noghai: buzaw

Bashkir: bɨδaw

Balkar: buzow

Gagauz: buzā

Karaim: bɨzuv, buzuv

Karakalpak: buzaw

Salar: puzo, pūzɨ (ССЯ 457)

Kumyk: buzaw

Comments: EDT 391, VEWT 74-5, ЭСТЯ 2, 239-242, Лексика 438-439. Bulg. *burǝʷu > Hung. borjú, see MNyTESz 1, 345-346. The derivation from *boŕ 'grey' and assumption of borrowing Turk. *buŕagu > Mong. biraɣu (Щербак 1997, 108) is hardly plausible.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *biraɣu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: calf (1 year old)

Russian meaning: теленок (1 года)

Written Mongolian: biraɣu (L 106)

Middle Mongolian: bura'u (SH), buru (MA)

Khalkha: b́arū

Buriat: burū

Kalmuck: bürǖ

Ordos: birū 'calf (2 year old)'

Monguor: burū (SM 36)

Mogol: borɔ̄ɣol (ZM 20-8), KT borɔ̄wol (ZM 20-6)

Comments: KW 69. Mong. > Evk. boro 'one-year-old calf' (ТМС 1, 96) ; Evk. *borow-čān (unattested diminutive) > Russ. Siber. borovčán, borovčák, borokčán 'one-year-old calf, foal', burún '2-year-old calf' (Аникин 117, 145; but has no relation to Russ. боров).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *biaru

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sheep

Russian meaning: овца

Evenki: bē̂ru

Comments: ТМС 1, 78. Isolated in Evk., but despite Poppe 1972, 103, hardly < Mong. (because of semantic difference).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *puruk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bull-calf

Russian meaning: бычок

Modern Korean: puruk-so (so 'cow'), purugi

Comments: KED 813.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *pítú-nsí

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sheep

Russian meaning: овца

Old Japanese: pjituzi

Middle Japanese: fítúzí

Tokyo: hìtsuji

Kyoto: hítsújí

Kagoshima: hitsúji

Comments: JLTT 411. The word may indeed have *usi 'ox' (with secondary voicing) in the second part, but Martin's analysis of the first part as *pi 'beard' seems hardly credible (in Kor. jǝm-so the first part is also etymologically "goat", not "beard").

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *paḍḍ-/*bar_-

Meaning : heifer

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *paḍḍ-ai (cf. also *pārVḷ- 3460)

Proto-Telugu : *paḍḍ-, *bar_-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *paḍ-, *bar_-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *paḍ-

Notes : Probably two roots, but relation is still not excluded.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *paḍḍ-ai

Meaning : mature

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kannada : paḍḍe

Kannada meaning : maturity, fitness for breeding

Number in DED : 3881

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *paḍḍ-, *bar_-

Meaning : female buffalo or cow fit for breeding, (VPK) female buffalo calf

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : paḍḍa

Additional forms : Also bar_r_e female buffalo

Number in DED : 3881

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *paḍ-, *bar_-

Meaning : female calf; buffalo

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : paḍḍa-lēŋa "female calf (Br.)"

Kinwat Kolami : barre "buffalo"

Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : barre "buffalo"

Naikri : paḍḍa "heiffer"

Parji : peḍḍa "female calf"

Ollari Gadba : bere "female calf"

Poya Gadba : beḍe, beṛe "female calf"

Additional forms : Also Salur beḍḍe peyye calf

Notes : Actually two contaminated roots.

Number in DED : 3881

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *paḍ-

Meaning : heifer

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *paḍ-ā

Konda : paḍa

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *paḍ-ā

Meaning : calf

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : paḍḍā "cow-calf"

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : paḍḍā "female calf, heifer"

Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : paḍḍā "female calf, heifer"

Muria Gondi : paḍḍa, peḍḍa "female calf, heifer"

Maria Gondi : paḍa piya "female calf, heifer"

Koya Gondi : paḍa pila "calf of buffalo"

Yeotmal Gondi : paḍḍa "female calf, heifer"

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : paḍḍā "cow-calf"

Maria Gondi (Smith) : puda "heifer"

Chindwara Gondi : paḍḍa "female calf, heifer"

Adilabad Gondi : paḍḍa piya "female calf, heifer"

Durg Gondi : paḍa peyya "female calf, heifer"

Number in DED : 3881

Number in CVOTGD : 2091

Konda etymology :

Konda : paḍa

Meaning: young cow, heifer

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 3881

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