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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *n-gaS- (voicing in contact)
Meaning: to bite
Zaar: ngas [CLR]
Buli: ngàs [CLR]
Wangday: ngaasi [CLR]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-zar,wchet-bul,wchet-wnd,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(nV-)kič-
Meaning: bite
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-hec,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1700
Proto-Semitic: *nVkVt_-
Meaning: 'bite'
Aramaic: Pal nkt
Syrian Aramaic: nkt
Mandaic Aramaic: nkt
Geʕez (Ethiopian): nakkasa
Tigre: näkša
Tigrai (Tigriñña): näk_äsä
Amharic: näkkäsä
Argobba: näkkäsa
Gafat: näkkäsä
Notes: Prefix *nV-
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-arm,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-gzz,semet-tgr,semet-tgy,semet-amh,semet-arg,semet-gaf,semet-notes,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *(nV-)kVš-
Meaning: 'eat, bite'
Ahaggar (Tahaggart): ǝkš
Taneslemt: nǝkš
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ahg,brbet-tsl,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *kuč- / *n-gač-
Meaning: 'bite (off)'
Malgwa: kúča [Lr]
Daba: ngač [Lnhr]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-zgh,cchet-dab,
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High East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-High East Cushitic: *kis-
Meaning: 'bite'
Sidamo: kis-
hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-sid,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVCV
Meaning : bite, tear
Amerind (misc.) : *ḳica ~ *kasi 'thorn; bite' (R 751) Notes : One of many similar roots of this type; all have to be sorted out.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-amer,globet-notes,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳV[ǯ]V
Meaning: to tear, rip
Kartvelian: ? Georg. ḳac̣r-, ḳac̣wr- 'to scratch'
Comments: Expected *-ǯ- in Kartv.
References: ND 849 *kEč̣[U] ~ *k[ü]č̣[U] 'knife' (Ural. + incorr. TM + some Chad. and Bj. + Georg. kič̣o < NC). Cf. *ḳVCV. ?Cf. also Kartv. *ḳwec-, *q̇wec- 'to cut' (in ND 992 *ḳUćV ~ *q̇- 'to shorten by cutting', as well as 998 *ḳUc̣V 'to cut/chop into small pieces' - but in fact with no comparanda). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`ĕǯa ( ~ -o)
Meaning: to rip, tear apart
Russian meaning: раздирать, разрывать
Comments: A Western isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kajɨra-
Meaning: 1 to whet, sharpen 2 to rub teeth
Russian meaning: 1 точить, заострять 2 тереть зубами
Turkish: kajra- (dial.)
Tatar: qajra- 2
Uzbek: qajra- 2
Uighur: qɛjrɛ- 2
Turkmen: Gajra- 1
Khakassian: xajɨra- 1
Oyrat: qaira- 2
Chuvash: xъjra- 2 (Anatri)
Kirghiz: qajra- 2
Kazakh: qajra- 2
Noghai: qajra- 2
Bashkir: qajra- 2
Karakalpak: qajra- 2
Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 205. The Turk. derivative *kajɨrak 'whetstone' > Mong. qajiraɣ, see TMN 3, 568-569. Cf. also Kaz., Tat. qajau 'notch', Tur. qajaɣan 'whetstone' (R 2, 90) and Yak. xajgɨa, xojguo 'notch'; Yak. xaja, Dolg. kaja '(to tear) apart', Yak. xajɨt- 'to break, tear apart', Dolg. kajɨt- id., kajɨn- (itr.) (see Stachowski 133, 134, 135). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kaǯa-
Meaning: to bite
Russian meaning: кусать
Written Mongolian: qaǯa- (L 947) Middle Mongolian: qaǯa- (SH) Khalkha: xaʒa-
Buriat: xaza-
Ordos: xaǯa-
Dongxian: qaǯa- (MGCD Gaǯa-) Dagur: xaǯi-
Shary-Yoghur: Gaǯa-
Comments: MGCD 316, 350. Mong. > Kirgh. qaǯa- etc. (ЭСТЯ 5, 183); > Manchu qaǯa- 'to break with the teeth' (Rozycki 130). Mong. qaǯaɣur 'tongs' > Man. xaǯun 'weapon', see Doerfer MT 144. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xeǯe-
Meaning: to rip, unrip
Russian meaning: пороть, распарывать
Evenki: eǯe-
Even: eǯ-
Negidal: eǯe-
Ulcha: xeǯe-li-, xeǯe-če-
Orok: xede-či-
Nanai: xeǯē- (intr.) (Он.) Oroch: eǯe-ti-
Udighe: eǯe-si-
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 278
Proto: *kečV
English meaning: knife
German meaning: Messer
Mari (Cheremis): kǝzǝ (KB), küzö (U B), küźü (M) 'Messer'
Khanty (Ostyak): köčǝɣ (V), kečǝ (DN), kesi (O)
Mansi (Vogul): kǟsi (KU), kasaj (So.)
Hungarian: kés
Sammalahti's version: *käči
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mar,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kac-
Meaning : to bite, sting
Proto-South Dravidian: *kac- Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kac- Proto-North Dravidian : *qas- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *kac-
Meaning : to bite
Tamil : kaccu (kacci-)
Tamil meaning : to bite, gnaw, nibble (nursery)
Kannada : kaccu, karcu
Kannada meaning : to bite, sting, smart, ache (as the stomach), bite (as pepper); n. biting, a bite, incision
Kannada derivates : kaccike biting
Tulu : kaccuni
Tulu meaning : to bite
Number in DED : 1097
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *kac-
Meaning : to bite
Toda : koc- (koč-)
Number in DED : 1097
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kac-
Meaning : to bite, sting
Kinwat Kolami : kacc- "to bite"
Parji : kacc-
Ollari Gadba : kas- "to bite"
Salur Gadba : kacc- "to sting"
Number in DED : 1097
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kol_kin,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kac-
Meaning : to bite, sting
Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kac- gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *kac-
Meaning : to gnash, bite
Betul Gondi : kaccānā "to gnash the teeth"
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : kaccānā "to gnash the teeth"
Koya Gondi : kac-, kas- "to bite"
Yeotmal Gondi : kas- "to bite"
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : kac- "to bite"
Maria Gondi (Lind) : kac- "to bite"
Adilabad Gondi : kaccānā "(SR) to gnash the teeth"
Additional forms : Also many dial. kask- to bite, (Tr. also) (belly) gnaws from hunger
Number in DED : 1097
Number in CVOTGD : 458, 608
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_y,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-gondi_l,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kac-
Meaning : scorpion
Pengo : kaca kupi "scorpion (kupi crab)"
Manda : kaca kupe
Number in DED : 1097
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kac-
Meaning : to bite, sting
Kui : kasa (kasi-) "to bite, sting; n. a bite, sting"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kacali
Kuwi (Schulze) : kaccinai
Sunkarametta Kuwi : kacc- (-it-) "to bite"
Parja Kuwi : kaca kupi "scorpion"
Additional forms : Also Kui pl. action kaska (kaski-); Kuwi_S kaca kupi scorpion; Kuwi_S kaskeri centipede
Notes : The forms for 'scorpion' mean literally 'stinging crab' (see 1734). The lack of gemination here is irregular; it may be due to specific word-contraction reasons.
Number in DED : 1097
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_p,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *qas-
Meaning : to eat; to derange the stomach
Kurukh : xassnā "to derange (the stomach), act as a purgative"
Malto : qaswe "to eat greedily, nip off with the teeth"
Number in DED : 1097
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,
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