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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *Par-t-
Meaning: 'finger, nail'
Hausa: fárčè, pl. fárà-utā
Mupun: apirači {Ms]
Kir: Cf. gen pùlǝ́l du ,*pVr/l-
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,wchet-gwn,wchet-kir,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *far(-t)-
Meaning: finger
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-wch,afaset-ech,afaset-sho,afaset-lec,afaset-hec,afaset-omo,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *fVr-
Meaning: 'claw' 1, 'finger' 2, 'to claw' 3
Tumak: cf. gen pùlǝ́l du 1 (<*far/l- ) [Cp]
Dangla: pɛ́ɛ́r-mɛ́ [Fd]
Migama: pùrrù-m 1, 2 , pòrrò 3 [Jg]
Mubi: fḗrī́ [CLR: 137]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-tum,echet-dng,echet-mig,echet-mub,
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Saho-Afar etymology :
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Proto-Saho-Afar: *fer-
Meaning: 'finger'
Saho: fera
Afar (Danakil): fera, feera
shoet-prnum,shoet-meaning,shoet-saho,shoet-afar,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *farr-
Meaning: 'finger'
Somali: far
Rendille: farro
Baiso: fer
Arbore: farro (pl.)
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-som,lecet-rnd,lecet-bay,lecet-arb,
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High East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-High East Cushitic: *far-
Meaning: 'finger'
Kambatta: far
hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-kmb,
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Omotic etymology :
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Proto-Omotic: *par-t-
Meaning: 'finger'
Ometo: Koyra par-taa
omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-ome,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVRV
Meaning : finger, fingernail
African (misc.) : Cf. Ijo b̥ara 'arm, hand'.
Reference : ND 1760, 1789. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *pVrV
Meaning: finger
Uralic: (Mar. parńá 'finger'?)
References: МССНЯ 351, ОСНЯ 3, 70-77. ND 1760 *ṗ[A]RV 'finger', 1789 *P_VRVć(χ)V 'fingernail, claw'. There may be indeed 2 roots, but hardly along the same lines as Dolg. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *perst- (-sth-)
Meaning: post, finger, peak (mountain)
Old Indian: pr̥ṣthá- m. `back, hinder part; upper side, top, height'
Avestan: paršta- m. `Rücken', paršti- f. `Rücken'
Old Greek: pastás, -ádos f. `Anbau, Säulenhalle, Vorhalle; inneres Gemach, Brautkammer'
Latin: postis, -is m. `Pfosten, Türpfosten', pl. `Tür'
Russ. meaning: торчащий конец (гора, столб, палец etc.)
References: WP II 603 f
Comments: At least some of the forms may be < *per-sth-o- (see *stā-)
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: перст,
Near etymology: род. п. -а́, народн. перёс, пе́рес, олонецк. (Шахматов, ИОРЯС 7, 1, 302), укр. перст, др.-русск. пьрстъ, ст.-слав. прьстъ δάκτυλος (Супр.), болг. пръ́ст(ът), сербохорв. пр̏ст, словен. pȓst, чеш., слвц. prst, польск. parst, в.-луж. porst.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. pir̃štas "палец", лтш. pìrksts, pìrsts -- то же, др.-прусск. pirsten "палец", далее, возм., сюда же д.-в.-н. first "острие, конек крыши", ср.-нж.-нем. vorst, лат. postis "столб", др.-инд. pr̥ṣṭhám "хребет, вершина", авест. раrštа- "спина"; см. Траутман, ВSW 220; Арr. Sprd. 399; Сольмсен, IF 31, 454; М.--Э. 3, 224; Бругман, IF 11, 285; Э. Леви, РВВ 32, 137; Вальде--Гофм. 2, 349. Сравнение с др.-инд. sраrc̨аs "хватка, прикосновение", spr̥c̨áti "касается" (Зубатый, LF 27, 68) Мейе (Ét. 302) отклоняет из-за интонационных отношений. Махек (Rесhеrсhеs 59 и сл.) пытается подкрепить сближение с персь "грудь" ссылкой на то, что у некоторых народов (напр., у казахов) новорожденным дают сначала сосать безымянный палец, а не грудь; см. также Френкель, IF 54, 282. Махек (там же, 65 и сл.) приводит также параллели в виде тождественных названий для пальца и соска груди. От *pьrstъ образованы пе́рстень, укр. пе́рстiнь, ст.-слав. пръстень δακτύλιος (Остром.), сербохорв. пр̏сте̑н, словен. pŕstan, pŕsten, чеш. prsten, слвц. prsteň, польск. pierścień, полаб. parstén.
Trubachev's comments: [О русск. формах см. еще Соколова, Докл. и сообщ. Ин. Яз., 2, 1952, стр. 14 и сл. -- Т.]
Pages: 3,244
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *pir̃št-a- n.
Meaning: finger
Lithuanian: pir̃šta-s `Finger'
Old Prussian: pīrsten Voc. 115 'Finger', acc. pl. prēipīrstans Ench. 67, 18 'Ringe', nagepirstis (überl. nagepristis) Voc. 149 'Zehe'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *firsti-z, *fursti-z
Meaning: ridge (of a roof), post
Old English: fierst, fyrst, first `Pfosten'
Old Saxon: first m.
Middle Dutch: vorst, vorste f., m. `nok, hoogste deel van het dak'; verste f.
Dutch: vorst f.
Middle Low German: vorst f. `nok, hoogste deel van het dak'; verst m.
Old High German: first (8.Jh.) f., m. `Spitze des Daches, eines Berges, Helmspitze'
Middle High German: virst, vierst, md. vërst st. m., virste st. f. 'Oberkante des Daches, Dachbalken; Spitze des Helmes, Gebirgskamm'
German: First m.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-oengl,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *pi̯àri
Meaning: finger, finger width (measure)
Russian meaning: палец, ширина пальца (мера)
Comments: Whitman 1985, 153-154, 210 (Kor.-Jpn.). Jpn. *pia < *pi̯àr(i)-ga (cf. TM *par-ga-) or < *pi̯àr(i)-ŋa (cf. PT *biar-ŋa-k). For the reflex *-a- in TM see notes to *pi̯ắlagV. The original meaning is 'finger, finger width', whence 'bedding, layer ("one finger thick")'. Such a combination of meanings is still clearly seen in TM (without which the Turkic and Jpn.-Kor. forms would be hardly comparable). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *biarŋak
Meaning: finger, thumb
Russian meaning: палец, большой палец
Turkish: parmak, dial. barnak
Tatar: barmaq, dial. barnaq
Uzbek: barmɔq
Uighur: barmaq
Azerbaidzhan: barmaG
Turkmen: barmaq
Halaj: barmaq
Chuvash: pürne
Kirghiz: barmaq
Kazakh: barmaq
Noghai: barmaq
Bashkir: barmaq, (Pallas) parnaq
Balkar: barmaq
Gagauz: parmaq
Karaim: barmaq
Karakalpak: barmaq
Salar: parmax
Kumyk: barmaq
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pargan
Meaning: 1 ski bedding for the foot 2 a measure of length (one centimeter)
Russian meaning: 1 подстилка на лыже для ступни 2 мера длины (один сантиметр)
Evenki: hargan 1, 2
Nanai: pajGa 1
Udighe: xaga 1
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-nan,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *pắr
Meaning: 1 layer 2 set
Russian meaning: 1 слой 2 набор
Modern Korean: pǝl 2
Middle Korean: pắr 1, 2
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pia
Meaning: layer
Russian meaning: слой
Old Japanese: pje
Middle Japanese: fe
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-comments,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *prcx-
Russian meaning: ноготь; чесать
English meaning: fingernail; to scratch
Georgian: prcx-, prčx-, prcxen-
Megrel: bircx-; pucxon-, pucxol-
Svan: cxa; cxēn-
Laz: bucx-; pucxol-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 191, EWK 63-64 (*brcx-). В ОСНЯ 3, 70-77 возводится к ностр. *parä 'ноготь' (ПИЕ *per-, *perst- ( = картв. prcx-), драв. *ver-aḷ, алт. *pVrV); этимология кажется вполне вероятной, хотя есть фонетические неясности.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *veral_-
Meaning : finger
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *vIral
Meaning : finger
Tamil : viral
Tamil meaning : finger, toe; finger's breadth
Tamil derivates : (Koll.) veraṭṭi finger
Malayalam : viral
Malayalam meaning : finger, toe; inch
Kannada : beral, beraḷ
Kannada meaning : finger, toe; tip of an elephant's trunk
Kodagu : bera
Kodagu meaning : finger, toe
Tulu : birelụ, berelụ, (B-K also) pirelụ
Tulu meaning : finger, toe
Miscellaneous : KOR (O) berolu, (M) berlɨ finger
Notes : Unclear vocalism in Tulu.
Number in DED : 5409
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *verl
Meaning : finger, toe
Kota : verl
Toda : pēɫ̣
Number in DED : 5409
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *vrēl-
Meaning : finger, toe; inch
Telugu : vrēlu
Dialectal forms (1) : vēlu
Number in DED : 5409
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *veṛnd-
Meaning : finger
Kolami : vende "finger, toe"
Naikri : vende
Parji : vanda (pl. vandel)
Ollari Gadba : vande
Salur Gadba : vande
Number in DED : 5409
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *veṛanǯ
Meaning : finger
Notes : Bisyllabic root.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *veṛnǯ
Meaning : finger
Betul Gondi : wirinj, warēnj "finger, toe"
Maria Gondi : vaṛnj(i) (pl. vaṛsku)
Koya Gondi : vaṛnj
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : viṛaskū (pl.), veṛenj
Maria Gondi (Lind) : vers
Adilabad Gondi : vaṛanj
Number in DED : 5409
Number in CVOTGD : 3194
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-gondi_l,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : ṛaska, ṛeska, veṛska
Meaning: finger, toe
Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : ṛaska
Number in DED : 5409
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-konda_bb,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *väc-k-
Meaning : finger
Pengo : vacka
Manda : vehpe
Notes : Manda -p- is strange, but suffixal anyway.
Number in DED : 5409
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-notes,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *vanǯ-u (pl. *vaska)
Meaning : finger
Kui : vanju (pl. vaska) "finger, toe, thumb"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : vwānjū (pl. vwāska)
Kuwi (Schulze) : wansu (pl. waska)
Sunkarametta Kuwi : vanju (pl. vaska)
Parja Kuwi : veṛma
Kuwi (Israel) : vanju (pl. vaska)
Notes : In Kuwi_S vansu is irregular, probably modified by the influence of plural forms. However, the form in Kuwi_P is even more strange. Both the vowel and consonant correspondences here are unique, and it is justifiable to doubt the original character of the word. It could be borrowed from some SDR dialect.
Number in DED : 5409
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_p,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *pVrV ( ~ b-, -l-)
Meaning: grasping hand, fingers
Comments and references : NSC 60 *bArV ( ~ p-). sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Păr (~ w-)
Meaning: paw, claw
Tibetan: spar the grasping hand, paw, claw; a handful of.
Comments: Thankur pǝr finger-breadth, cipǝr to catch with nails. A possible derivate is Tib. bran finger, toe (cf. also Balti phran-zuk; Kanauri pra-ts; Thebor braŋ finger, pra-tś thumb, see Sh. 137).
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 蹯
Modern (Beijing) reading: fán
Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)ar
Classic Old Chinese: b(h)an
Western Han Chinese: b(h)an
Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)wan
Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wan
Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wǝn
Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wǝn
Middle Chinese: bwǝn
English meaning : paw [LZ]
Russian meaning[s]: лапа, нога (животного)
Radical: 157
Four-angle index: 1771
Karlgren code: 0195 l
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *brep-co
Meaning: finger
Sunwar: brepco
Tulung: brepco
Kaling: 'brepco
Comments: Toba 90 *brepco. Cf. L -co in hukco finger (huk 'hand') and other compounds; perhaps also cä- in Kal. cä-ti 'thumb'.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-notes,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *pǝl- (~-r-)
Meaning: handful
Ket: hʌllaq5,6 , pl. -ŋ5
Yug: fʌllax5,6 , pl. fʌllaqŋ5
Comments: ССЕ 248. Werner 1, 333 *phǝlaq, 334 *phʌl-.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,
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