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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *pat-
Meaning: 'skin'
Hausa: fātā̀
Mupun: páta [Mts]
Warji: patai [SkNb],
Diri: aṕút-šú [CLR: 296]
Notes: cf. Bolewa bo-fata,Ngamo hàtā̀ 'tail' [CLR].
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,wchet-gwn,wchet-wrj,wchet-dir,wchet-notes,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *pat-
Meaning: skin, hide
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-omo,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *pVt-
Meaning: 'skin'
Higi Futu: (w)pta
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-hig,
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Omotic etymology :
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Proto-Omotic: *fat-
Meaning: 'skin'1, 'snake skin' 2
Ometo: faata 1
Nao: fatu 1
Galila: footi 2
omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-ome,omoet-nao,omoet-gll,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVTV
Meaning : skin
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṗVtV
Meaning: skin
References: ND 1826 *P_a[ʔi]tV 'skin, bark' (?+ IE *baitā). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *p`ḕtá
Meaning: meat; skin
Russian meaning: мясо; шкура
Comments: For semantics cf. MKor. săr 'flesh, muscle', 'skin'. АПиПЯЯ 283, Дыбо 14, Лексика 455. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *et
Meaning: meat
Russian meaning: мясо
Old Turkic: et (OUygh.)
Turkish: et
Tatar: it
Uzbek: et
Uighur: ät
Sary-Yughur: jeht
Azerbaidzhan: ät
Turkmen: et
Khakassian: it
Shor: et
Oyrat: et
Halaj: ät ( < Az.?)
Chuvash: üt
Yakut: et
Dolgan: et
Tuva: e't
Tofalar: e't
Kirghiz: et
Kazakh: et
Noghai: et
Bashkir: it
Balkar: et
Gagauz: jet'
Karaim: et
Karakalpak: et
Salar: äht
Kumyk: et
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *(h)adaska
Meaning: unworked leather
Russian meaning: необработанная кожа
Written Mongolian: adasqa (L 11) Middle Mongolian: adasqa 'old skin' (MA 402) Khalkha: adsaga
Comments: One should mention MMong. (SH) hudesu 'leather' < *hede-sü (?). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pētē
Meaning: 1 seal fat 2 seal skin 3 seal
Russian meaning: 1 сало нерпы 2 шкура нерпы 3 нерпа
Evenki: hētē 1
Even: hēte 1, hētes 2
Negidal: xētē 1, 3
Literary Manchu: fetxi 3
Orok: pē̆te 3, pē̆teske 2
Oroch: xēte 3, xētekse 2
Udighe: xete 3
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ork,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pàntá
Meaning: skin, flesh
Russian meaning: кожа, плоть
Old Japanese: pada
Middle Japanese: fada
Tokyo: háda
Kyoto: hàdá
Kagoshima: hadá
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *paṭ-ai
Meaning : bark (of tree)
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *paṭ-ai
Meaning : bark
Tamil : paṭṭai
Tamil meaning : bark of tree
Malayalam : paṭṭa
Malayalam meaning : bark of tree
Kannada : paṭṭe
Kannada meaning : rind or bark of trees
Irula : paṭṭe
Irula meaning : bark
Notes : Ir. 135.
Number in DED : 3876
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-iru,sdret-irumean,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *paṭṭ-a
Meaning : bark
Telugu : paṭṭa
Dialectal forms (1) : paṭṭamu
Number in DED : 3876
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-dednum,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HpădV̆
Meaning: clothes, skin
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *HpădV (/*HbătV)
Meaning: a k. of clothes (for legs or feet)
Proto-West Caucasian: *padǝ Notes: Despite some assimilations (quite usual for stems with two stops), the correspondences are quite regular and the PNC reconstruction is quite probable. Not quite clear, though, is -r- in the PA form: *borto may go back to *bot(V)-ro with an original suffixation. It is interesting to note initial ħe- in the Av. form, corresponding to Arch. pharyngealization and speaking in favour of the initial cluster *Hp- in PNC. Note also Chech. bedar (Cheb. badir) "clothes" which is probably a loan from Western Daghestan languages (loss of *-d- would be regularly expected).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *bata / pada(-n)
Meaning: 1 trousers 2 linen, canvas 3 a knitted sock
Avar: ħebét 2
Chadakolob: ħebét 1
Andian language: padan 3
Akhvakh: bata 1
Chamalal: bata 1
Tindi: bata 1
Godoberi: barta 1
Comments: Av. paradigm B (gen. ħebtí-l; Chad. ħibtí-l, ħebtá-l). -r- in God. (as also in Akhv. Ratl. barta) is obviously secondary (a merger with PA *barta 'rag' q.v.).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *bada
Meaning: (wine)skin
Inkhokvari: baIda
Comments: The Inkh. form is isolated within Tsez., but having probable external parallels (the meaning "wineskin" < *"sack" < *"cloth").
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-inh,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: pat:a
Meaning: old clothes
Lak form: pat:a
Comments: Cf. also Arak. (Хайдаков 1966) pat:a "trousers".
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *pat:a
Meaning: trousers ("мотня")
Akusha: pada
Comments: Not quite clear is the relationship of this root (attested only in Ak.) to common Darg. *t:ap:-ri 'socks, footwear' (Chir. t:ap:re, Ak. dabri etc.) which seems to reflect the plural (and metathesized) form of the same root. Cf. also Lezg. tiṗri 'shoes' - a form quite isolated in Lezghian and possibly borrowed from Darg.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *paIt:V / *p:at:V
Meaning: trousers
Rutul: badu
Tsakhur: bada
Archi: paIt:ǝ-la
Comment: The Rut. and Tsakh. forms go back to a variant with assimilated *p:-.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *padǝ
Meaning: socks, stockings
Adyghe: ʎa-pad
Kabardian: ʎa-pad
Comments: PAK *ʎa-pádǝ (*ʎa "foot"). Ub. ʎapád "woolen socks" is probably an Ad. loanword (like Abkh. a-klapad). Shagirov (1977,251) derives *ʎapádǝ from *ʎapa 'front part of the foot' + *da "to sew" which is quite improbable in view of the external evidence.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Pĕt
Meaning: cloth
Burmese: pit cotton cloth, canvas.
Comments: Bodo pad a k. of silk.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 幣
Modern (Beijing) reading: bì
Preclassic Old Chinese: bets
Classic Old Chinese: beć
Western Han Chinese: bjaś
Eastern Han Chinese: bjaś
Early Postclassic Chinese: bjeś
Middle Postclassic Chinese: bjèj
Late Postclassic Chinese: bjèj
Middle Chinese: bjèj
English meaning : a piece of silk, offering of silk, gift
Russian meaning[s]: 1) деньги; монета; валюта; 2) стар. подношения (дань) шелком
Comments: For *b cf. Fuzhou pe6, Chaozhou pi4.
Radical: 50
Four-angle index: 3912
Karlgren code: 0341 d
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1808
Character: 幣
MC description : 蟹開三去祭並
ZIHUI: 1618 0536
Beijing: pi 3
Jinan: pi 3
Xi'an: pi 3
Taiyuan: pi 3
Hankou: pei 3
Chengdu: pi 3
Yangzhou: pi 3
Suzhou: bi 32
Wenzhou: bei 32
Changsha: pei 31
Shuangfeng: bi 32
Nanchang: phi 32
Meixian: pi 3
Guangzhou: pai 32
Xiamen: pe 31
Chaozhou: pi 22
Fuzhou: pei 32
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *bat(t)ɔp
Meaning: palm of hand
Ket: battop6, pl. battǝŋ5 / batǝŋ5
Kottish: fatap, phatap, pl. fatapaŋ
Comments: Kottish has an assimilation: *bat(t)ɔp > *pat(t)ɔp.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *baṭ
Meaning: 1 skin, leather 2 bark 3 body
Yasin: baṭ 1, waṭ 2, -wáṭ 3
Hunza: baṭ 1, waṭ 2, 3
Nagar: baṭ 1, waṭ 2
Comments: Sh., Kho. waṭ; waṭ < *u-baṭ
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,
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