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Warazi etymology :
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Proto-Warazi: *kanaʕ-
Meaning: 'hand'1 , 'palm' 2
Warazi: kanɛɛʔe 1
Gawwada (Gawata): kanʕate 2
Harso (Werize): kanaʕʕe 2
wrzet-prnum,wrzet-meaning,wrzet-war,wrzet-gaw,wrzet-hrs,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *gʷinaʕ-
Meaning: arm; elbow; hand; leg
Notes: Cf. *ganVḥ- 'wing' (240).
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-bed,afaset-sho,afaset-lec,afaset-wrz,afaset-scu,afaset-mgg,afaset-omo,afaset-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *kV-gwanH-
Meaning: 'upper arm' 1, 'shoulder' 2
Mupun: kǝ́-gòn, gòŋ 2 [FrM]
Sura: kǝ-́gɔ̀ŋ 2 [JgS]
Angas: gwon(g) 2 [Fl]
Guruntum: gù-gwaŋ 2 [Ja]
Dwot: kùɣun 2 [Kr N 53]
Bokos: kôŋ 1 [JgR]
Sha: ngaan 1 [JgR]
Notes: Cf. Hausa hánnū́ 'hand, trunk, slleve' < *ha-gnu, ha- a body-parts preff., cf. ha-lshe 'tongue'.
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-gwn,wchet-sur,wchet-ang,wchet-grn,wchet-dwo,wchet-bks,wchet-sha,wchet-notes,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *gwan-
Meaning: 'elbow' 1, 'leg' 2
Bata: gwɔnɛ [CLR: 221] 2
Musgu: gono-goné [Lk] 1
Masa: gáīnā [CLR] 2
Banana: gwonɛ [Sk] 1
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-bat,cchet-msg,cchet-mas,cchet-bnn,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *gyan-
Meaning: 'hand'
Tumak: gēny [/n] [Cp]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-tum,
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Bedauye (Beja) etymology :
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Bedauye: ganaʔa, ganʔa
Meaning: 'hand'
Notes: Assimilation of vowels
bedet-prnum,bedet-meaning,bedet-notes,
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Saho-Afar etymology :
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Proto-Saho-Afar: *ginaʕ-
Meaning: 'hand'
Saho: ginaʕ
Afar (Danakil): genaʕ
shoet-prnum,shoet-meaning,shoet-saho,shoet-afar,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *gaʕan-
Meaning: 'arm, hand'
Somali: gaʕan
Oromo (Galla): gana
Baiso: gɛne
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-som,lecet-oro,lecet-bay,
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South Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-South Cushitic: *gVngVḫ- (?)
Meaning: 'elbow'
Iraqw (Mbulu): goŋgoḫi
scuet-prnum,scuet-meaning,scuet-irq,
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Mogogodo etymology :
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Mogogodo: kinnɛʔ-
Meaning: 'hand'
mgget-prnum,mgget-meaning,
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Omotic etymology :
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Proto-Omotic: *gan-
Meaning: 'leg'
Mocha: gano
omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-mch,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVNV
Meaning : arm
Amerind (misc.) : *noḳo 'arm' ? (R 21) [+ A K]; rather *kVn- 'arm, hand' (GE 4) Reference : GE 4 (+ Khois., NiC, NS, IP, ?Nahali; Austric < Chin.; diff. Nostr.) globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *küjnV
Meaning: elbow, knee
References: МССНЯ 368, ОСНЯ 1, 304; ND 899 *küǹü/iʕa 'a joint in a limb' (+ Sem.?) nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *g'enw-, *g'new-
Meaning: knee
Hittite: genu- / ganu- n. 'Knie', genussa-/i- 'Kniegelenk' (Tischler 552 f)
Tokharian: A kanwem, B keni (dual.) 'knee' (PT *kenwäi) (Adams 193)
Old Indian: jā́nu n. `knee', in compounds jñu-bādh-, abhi-jñú-, pra-jñu-
Avestan: žnūm, dat.-abl. pl. žnubyō 'Knie'
Other Iranian: MPers zānūk, NPers zānū 'Knie'
Armenian: cunr, pl. cunk-kh, gen. cng-ach
Old Greek: gónü, att. gónatos, ep., ion. gọ̄́natos n. `Knie; Glieder, Knoten an den Halmen', ignǘǟ f., *ignǘs (ignǘsi, ignǘōn, -ǘn) `Kniekehle', gnǘks `knielings'
Latin: genū, -ūs `Knie'
Russ. meaning: колено
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: звено́
Near etymology: II. "член, часть ч.-л.", укр. звено́, болг. звено́ (Младенов 189), польск. dzwono "обод колеса", мн. -а "кольца змеи", в.-луж. zwjeno "обод колеса", н.-луж. zẃeno, полаб. zvenü "обод", мн. zvenésa. Сюда же позвоно́к.
Further etymology: Трудное слово. Предполагали раннюю метатезу из *zenvo, родственного лат. genū "колено", греч. γόνυ, род. п. γόνατος, др.-инд. jā́nu ср. р. "колено", д.-в.-н., гот. kniu, хеттск. genu, тохар. А kanwem дв. ч., арм. cunr "колено" (Миккола, IF 6, 351 и сл.; против см. Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 99). Еще менее убедительны прочие попытки, напр. сравнение с лит. žuvìs "рыба" на том основании, что звено́ употребляется также как обозначение звена рыбы (Вайан, RЕS 16, 190; 18, 246 и сл.) или с др.-инд. prahvás "склоненный" (Петерссон, Comment. Gustavsson 13). Польск. dz-, несомненно, вторично.
Pages: 2,86-87
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *kniwa-n, *kniwō
Meaning: knee
Gothic: kniu n. (wa) `knee'
Old Norse: knē n. `Knie, Glied; Krummholz'
Norwegian: kne
Swedish: knä
Danish: knä
Old English: cnēow (cnēo), -es n. `knee; generation, relatuionship'
English: knee
Old Frisian: knī, knē, kniū
Old Saxon: knio
Middle Dutch: cnie n., f.
Dutch: knie f.
Middle Low German: knē
Old High German: knio, kneo (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: knie (gen. kniewes, knies, pl. kniewe, knie) st. n. 'knie von menschen und tieren'
German: Knie n.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 571
Root: ĝenu-1, ĝneu-
English meaning: knee, joint
German meaning: `Knie, Ecke, Winkel'
Grammatical comments: n. Flexion ĝonu, ĝenu̯és, ĝnubhís usw.; daneben ein n-St. nach Ausweis von ai. jā́nunī `die beiden Knie' und gr. γόνατος usw. aus ĝonu̯n̥-
Material: Ai. jā́nu n. `Knie', pehl. zānūk, npers. zānū `Knie'; av. Akk. Sg. žnūm, dat. abl. pl. žnubyō; ai. jñu-bā́dh- `die Knie beugend', abhi-jñú `bis ans Knie', pra-jñu-ḥ `säbelbeinig', av. fra-šnu- `die Knie nach vorn haltend' (:gr. *πρό-γνυ); arm. cunr `Knie' (r-Erweiterung zum alten u-St. *ĝō̆nu-), Pl. cunk-k`, Gen. cng-ac̣ mit g-Erweiterung (*ĝon-g-o-, vgl. γνύ-ξ);
gr. γόνυ, Gen. (Hom.) γουνός (*ĝonu̯ós), Pl. γου̃να, äol. γόνα `Knie' (vgl. auch γευνω̃ν γονάτων Hes.), daneben Gen. Sg. γούνατος (für *γονανος); dehnstufig γωνία `Ecke' (*γωνία), schwundstufig (vgl. unten πρόχνυ) γνυ-πετει̃ν `in die Knie sinken', γνύξ `auf die Knie', ἰγνύ̄η (neben ἰγνύς, Specht KZ. 59, 220) `Kniekehle' (*εγγνύᾱ, -γνύς);
πρόχνυ `mit vorgestrecktem Knie' steht II. 570 für *πρόγνυ (= ai. pra-jñú-ḥ);
lat. genū, -ūs `Knie', geniculum `Knie, Knoten an Pflanzen, Winkel';
got. kniu n., ahd. usw. knio, kneo (*kniwa-, idg. *ĝneu̯o-) `Knie' (anord. knē auch von Knoten am Strohhalm, wie ags. cneoweht `knotig, von Pflanzen'; lat. geniculum auch Knoten an Getreidehalmen; aber lat. genista ist etruskisch); eine Erweiterung mit germ. t in oberschles. knutzen `auf den Knien hocken' und vielleicht in got. knussjan `knien', kniwam knussjands `in die Knie zusammenknickend', wenn auf einem tu-St. *knussus von diesem Verbum *knutjan `beruhend';
illyr. FlN Genusus, unterital. ON Genusia, messap. ON tri-gonoχoa, ligur. ON Genua, adjekt. Ableitung Genava `Genf';
toch. A kanweṃ, В kenīne Dual. `die Knie';
hitt. gi-e-nu (genu) `Knie'.
References: WP. I 586 f., WH. I 592 f., Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 463, 518.
Pages: 380-381
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-grammar,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *kēńa
Meaning: front leg, armpit, angle
Russian meaning: передняя конечность, подмышка, угол
Comments: ОСHЯ 1, 304; Дыбо 312-313; VEWT 230, Лексика 149-150. Cf. also Kalm. xanǝ 'маховые перья' (KW 165, АПиПЯЯ 289); but due to restricted distribution in Mong. this form should be rather considered a Turkism (see Щербак 1997, 133). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kājnat
Meaning: 1 wing 2 fin
Russian meaning: 1 крыло 2 плавник
Old Turkic: qanat (OUygh.- YB) 1 Karakhanid: qanat (MK, KB) 1 Turkish: kanat 1, 2
Tatar: qanat 1
Uzbek: qanɔt 1
Uighur: qanat 1
Sary-Yughur: qejnat 1
Azerbaidzhan: Ganad, gänäd (dial.) 1
Turkmen: Gānat 1
Khakassian: xanat 1, 2
Shor: qanat 1
Oyrat: qanat 1, 2, qanar 2
Chuvash: śonat 1, 2
Yakut: kɨnat, kɨj̃ɨat 1
Dolgan: kɨnat 1
Tuva: qanat 1
Tofalar: xanat 1
Kirghiz: qanat 1
Kazakh: qanat 1
Noghai: qanat 1
Bashkir: qanat 1
Balkar: qanat 1, 2
Gagauz: qanat 1
Karaim: qanat 1, 2
Karakalpak: qanat 1
Kumyk: qanat 1
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *ka(i)
Meaning: front legs
Russian meaning: передние ноги
Written Mongolian: qa, qaɣa (L 895: qa 'the part of the foreleg of an animal between the shoulder and the knee') Middle Mongolian: qa, qaji(n) (SH) Khalkha: xaa
Buriat: xa
Kalmuck: xā
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *keńe- / *kuńe-
Meaning: 1 shin 2 stockings
Russian meaning: 1 голень, колено 2 унты
Evenki: keńete, kuńetu 2
Even: kēńeče 2, kȫnčen 1
Comments: ТМС 1, 420, 449. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kanai
Meaning: rule, gusset
Russian meaning: наугольник, ластовица
Middle Japanese: kane
Tokyo: kane
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-mjp,japet-tok,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 313
Proto: *kińä (*küńä), ? *kinä (*künä)
English meaning: elbow
German meaning: Ellenbogen
Finnish: kyynärä, kyynäs, (dial.) kyinärä 'Elle', kyynärpää 'Ellbogen'
Estonian: küünar (gen. küünra, kündra) 'Vorderarm; Elle', küünarpea 'Ellenbogen'
Saam (Lapp): gâr'dnjel, gâi'gŋer (N), kar'ŋēl 'Ellenbogen', kairñel (T Kld.), keirñel 'id.; Unterarm, Ellenmaß', kɛ̮̄ńα̑r (P) 'Ellbogen'
Mordovian: keńeŕ, keńeŕe, käńiŕ, keńir, keńd́ir (E), keńeŕ (M) 'Vorderarm; Elle'
Mari (Cheremis): kǝńer (KB), kǝ̑ńer (U B) 'Elle; Längenmaß', kǝ̑ńer-wuj (B) 'Ellbogen'
Udmurt (Votyak): gi̮r-pum (S), gǝ̑r-puŋ (K) 'Ellenbogen; Elle'
Komi (Zyrian): gi̮r (Ud.) 'мера для измерения холста (пол-аршина)', gi̮rʒ́a (S), gi̮rʒ́a. (P), gøriǯa. (PO) 'Ellbogen'
Khanty (Ostyak): kö̆ṇŋi (V), kŏšŋȧj (DN)
Mansi (Vogul): koänɣeĺ (KU), konlɔ̄wl (So.)
Hungarian: könyök (dial. könyék, altung. keneclew) 'Ellenbogen'
Sammalahti's version: *künärä
Yukaghir parallels: S. UEW
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,uralet-yuk,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *gūn-
Meaning : to bend; hump
Proto-South Dravidian: *Kūn- Notes : Cf. Gondi (S) gun- to bend. Correspondences within SDR languages are irregular.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *Kūn-
Meaning : curve, bend; hump
Tamil : kūn_
Tamil meaning : bend, curve, hump on the back, humpback, snail
Tamil derivates : kūn_u (kūn_i-) to curve, become crooked, bend down, become hunchbacked; kūn_al bend, curve, hump; kūn_an_ humpback; fem. kūn_i; kun_i (-v-, -nt-) to bend (as a bow), bow, stoop; (-pp-, -tt-) to bend (tr.), curve; n. curvature, bow (weapon); kun_ippu bending
Malayalam : kūnuka
Malayalam meaning : to stoop, be crookbacked
Malayalam derivates : kūn a humpback; kūnal, kūntal bending; kūnan humpbacked; fem. kūni, kūnicci; kuni semicircle, curve; kuniyuka to bow, stoop, bend; kunikka to make a curve, cause to stand stooping
Kannada : kūn (kūnt-), kūnu
Kannada meaning : to be bent or bowed, bend, stoop; n. a hump
Kannada derivates : kūna, gūna a humpbacked man; fem. kūni, gūni; kūntu bending, bent state; gūnu a hump; kuni to bend, bow, stoop, shrink; n. a bent or curved ground; kunuŋgu to bend, stoop, crouch, contract oneself, shrivel up
Kodagu : kūn
Kodagu meaning : (Shanmugam) hunchback
Kodagu derivates : gūne hunchbacked man; gūni hunchbacked woman
Tulu : gūnu
Tulu meaning : a hump
Tulu derivates : gūnè a hunchback
Number in DED : 1927
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *kūn-
Meaning : bowed, bent
Kota : kūn- (kūnd_-) "to be in bowed position (looking down, bent with pain, tiger crouching), become bent with age"
Toda : kūn "hunchback"
Number in DED : 1927
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *gūn-
Meaning : a hump, a crooked back
Telugu : gūnu
Additional forms : Also gūni humpbacked; gūnivā̃ḍu a humpback; fem. gūnidi; (B) kuni angle, bit of land
Number in DED : 1927
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *kanaʁa-
Meaning: shin
Russian meaning: голень
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 155
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *kanaʁa-
Meaning: shin bone 1, leg, lower limb 2, longlegged 3
Russian Meaning: голень 1, нога, нижняя конечность 2, длинноногий, голенастый 3
Chaplino: kanáɣaq (t) 1
Naukan: kanáʁaq, //kanaɣaq [Av.] 1
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: kanaxtu- 2
Koniag (AAY): AP kanaɣaq 1
Central Alaskan Yupik: kanaɣaq 1, 2, kanaxtu- 3
Nunivak (Peripheral): kanaʁɣaq* 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 155
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-koni,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *kạnạ(a)-
Meaning: shin bone 1, lower leg 2
Russian meaning: голень 1, нижняя часть ноги 2
Seward Peninsula Inupik: kanāq 1
SPI Dialects: Imaq kānaq 1, W kanaq* (āk, aɣąt) 1
North Alaskan Inupik: kanaɣaq 1, kanak (length)
NAI Dialects: B, Ingl kanaq* 1, Nu kanaɣāq 1, 2
Western Canadian Inupik: kanāq 2, 1
WCI Dialects: Cor kanaq* 1
Eastern Canadian Inupik: kanāq 1, 2
Greenlandic Inupik: kanāq (kanaq* [Jen.]) 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 155
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xGHwV̆́nĀ
Meaning: joint, shoulderblade
Sino-Tibetan: OC 肩 *kēn 'shoulder'
Comments and references : HGC 26, WFR 57, LV B23. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *nHɨ̆wG_Ā / *G_Hwɨ̆nĀ
Meaning: arm, shoulder; armpit
Notes: Correspondences are regular (except for sporadic metatheses).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-cez,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *nuq
Meaning: armpit
Bezhta: nuq-uƛ
Gunzib: nuq, nuq-iƛ
Comments: PGB *nuq (forms in -ƛ are subessive).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *naq:I
Meaning: hand, arm
Akusha: naIq:
Chiragh: naq:I
Comments: Cf. also Ur., Kait. naq:I, Kharb., Tsud. naqI etc.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *q:Iun
Meaning: shoulder
Lezghian: q:ün
Tabasaran: ʁIun
Agul: R̀un
Rutul: ʁIun
Kryz: qunä
Archi: qIun
Comment: Unclear is q- in Kryz. (q:- should be expected). Cf. also Ag. Bursh. R̀un, Fit. ʁIun, Burk. R̀an, Tp. ʕun. Obl. stem unclear (but not *-a, judging by Lezg. erg. q:ünü, loc. q:üne, Tab. ʁIuni-, Ag. Bursh. R̀uni-); 4th class in Rut., Arch., 3d class in Kryz. See Лексика 1971,122; Гигинейшвили 1977, 73, 85; Талибов 1980, 304.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *nǝq:Iǝ
Meaning: armpit
Ubykh: nǝqI
Comments: Ub. qI may go back to PWC *qI or *q:I (although within WC we have no examples for *q:I > Ub. qI, this is exactly the expected reflex).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ken-
Meaning: shoulder joint
Ket: kɛn-tǝ-buĺ5, pl. kɛntǝbuĺǝŋ5
Kottish: hēnar, hinar, pl. hēnaraŋ, (Бол.) xenar "shoulder"
Arin: qínaŋ (М., Сл., Кл.) "arm (brachyum)", xinaŋ (Срсл.) "shoulder, arm (brachyum)", xin (Лоск.) "shoulder"
Comments: ССЕ 236. Werner 1, 419 (besides quoting the reconstruction *ken-, compares Ket kɛn- to kēŋ 'wings', the plural form of kɛʔj - which, however, has a PY *g- and has nothing to do with the present root; see *geʔj).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-notes,
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