Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *huri

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: village, town, city

Araban: {huri}

Bizkaian: uri, (arc) {huri}

Gipuzkoan: uri

High Navarrese: iri

Low Navarrese: hiri

Salazarese: iri

Lapurdian: hiri

Baztanese: iri

Zuberoan: hiri

Roncalese: iri

Comments: Possibly also Iberian {ili}, as in Illiberris, old name of Granada, etc.; cf. numerous Bsq place names like Hiriberri, Uribarri ‘new town’.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *kíɫū

Meaning: village

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *kiɫū ( ~ k_-)

Sino-Tibetan: *g(h)ual

Basque: *huri

Comments and references : WFR 41, LV D3, BCD 23.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *kiɫū

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: farmstead; hut

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *kilV

Proto-West Caucasian: *ḱalV

Notes: An Aand-WC isogloss. However, the correspondences are quite regular (both phonetically and semantically), and the NC antiquity of the root seems very probable. See Abdokov 1983, 127 (although with some confusion between this root and PEC *ŁwĕɫV 'fence' q.v. - which should be carefully distinguished).

    Since there is some semantic connection between 'house' and 'hearth' (cf., e.g. PEC *ɦnărG_wī), one feels tempted to compare Ag. kiláj-ar 'hearth' (a plur. tantum). The word is, however, isolated within Lezghian and this hypothesis still is to be proved.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *kilV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: farmstead

Avar: kulí

Chadakolob: koló

Akhvakh: kila (Tseg.)

Tindi: ḱila

Karata: kile

Bagvalal: ḱila (Kvan.)

Comments: Av. paradigm B (kuló-l, kulá-l; cf. also Usl. kolí / koló, loc. koló-da, pl. kulá-l; thus the Chad. C paradigm - kulí-l, kúl-dal - is obviously secondary). The Av. form is obviously a metathesis < *kilu. Av. > And. kuli id.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ḱalV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hut

Abkhaz: a-ḱála

Abaza: ḱala

Adyghe: č́aL

Kabardian: čǝL

Comments: PAT *ḱala (cf. also Bzyb. a-ḱál); PAK *kVLǝ. Despite Klimov 1968, 294 there are no reasons to consider the AT form an AK loan. WC > Svan. köl, kel id. (see Klimov ibid.).

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *g(h)ual

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: village, district

Chinese: 郡 *g_urs dominion, province, district.

Tibetan: khul domain, province, district.

Lushai: khual a village other than one's own, KC *khul village.

Lepcha: gul the part appointed for the house; a site

Comments: Mikir hoi boundary, district. Sh. 44; Gong 66.

Chinese characters :

Character: 郡

Modern (Beijing) reading: jùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: gurs

Classic Old Chinese: gwǝnh

Western Han Chinese: gwǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: gwǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: gwɨ̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gwɨ̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: gwɨ̀n

Middle Chinese: gǜn

English meaning : district, province [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: область

Comments: For *g cf. Xiamen kun⁶, Chaozhou kuŋ⁴, Fuzhou koŋ⁶, Jianou köŋ⁸.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 163

Four-angle index: 2134

Karlgren code: 0459 g

Vietnamese reading: quận

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVLV

Meaning : dwelling

Eurasiatic : *gülV

Afroasiatic : Cush. *gol-, Chad. *kwVl-

Sino-Caucasian : *kíɫū

Reference : МССНЯ 341, ОСНЯ 1, 362-363; ND 617 (Cush.-Nostr.), 1031.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *gülV

Meaning: dwelling

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *gūli

Uralic: *kilä (*külä)

Dravidian: *gūḷ-

References: МССНЯ 341, ОСНЯ 1, 362-363; ND 617 *gül̄A 'dwelling, house' (+ ECush.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *gū̀lì

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: dwelling, cottage

Russian meaning: жилище, хижина

Turkic: *gül

Tungus-Manchu: *gūle

Japanese: *kùrà

Comments: EAS 48.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *gül

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 vestibule, inner porch 2 house, hut 3 home, dwelling-place

Russian meaning: 1 сени, прихожая 2 дом, хижина 3 жилище

Turkish: gil 'family (as a second part of compound)', (dial.) 3

Azerbaidzhan: gil 'family (as a second part of compound)'

Chuvash: kil, kül 2

Yakut: külä 1

Comments: VEWT 270, Егоров 112, Федотов 1, 291-292. Yak. kǖlä is secondarily borrowed from Tungus, see VEWT 270; but küle may be inherited.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *gūle

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hut, dwelling-place

Russian meaning: хижина, жилище

Evenki: gūle

Comments: See ТМС 1, 171. Attested only in Evk. (whence Russ. Siber. guĺ 'house, dwelling', see Аникин 171), but having probable external parallels.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *kùrà

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: shed

Russian meaning: сарай

Old Japanese: kura

Middle Japanese: kùrà

Tokyo: kurá

Kyoto: kúrà

Kagoshima: kùrá

Comments: JLTT 464.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 306

Proto: *kilä (*külä)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: dwelling

German meaning: Wohnung

Finnish: kylä 'Dorf; Wohnung, Haus' ( > Saam. N gille -l- 'cluster of houses, hamlet', L killē 'Dorf')

Estonian: küla

Saam (Lapp): gâl'li- (N) 'visit, pay a visit to', kalliti- (L) 'sich die Zeit vertreiben, indem man in den Zelten herumgeht und plaudert', kolli- (I)

Mansi (Vogul): kül (TJ), k_oäl (KU), k_oäl, käĺ (P), kol (So.) 'Haus'

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *gūḷ-

Meaning : to crowd together

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *gūḷ-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *gūḷ-

Meaning : to crowd together

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kūḷ (kūḷv-, kūṇṭ-)

Tamil meaning : to crowd together, assemble, muster

Tamil derivates : kūḷi company, multitude, family

Kannada : gūḷe, gūḷevu, gūḷya, guḷe, guḷya

Kannada meaning : people leaving a place en masse from invasion or famine

Tulu : gūḷè

Tulu meaning : people leaving a place en masse from invasion or famine

Number in DED : 1915

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