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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *sahar̄
Meaning: old, old person
Bizkaian: zaar, zar
Gipuzkoan: zar
High Navarrese: zar
Low Navarrese: zahar
Lapurdian: zahar
Baztanese: zagar
Zuberoan: záhar
Roncalese: zar
Comments: Trask (1997) points out the apparent Aquitanian cognate SA.HAR. Cf. PNC *swĕrho 'old, year'.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *swVrhV
Meaning: old
Comments and references : BCD 32.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *swĕrho ( ~ -ɦ-)
Meaning: old; year
Proto-West Caucasian: *ž́ʷǝ Notes: The reflexes reveal a variation between *swĕrho and a metathesized form, *r(h)ĕswo (PD, PL); the latter variant could also be promoted by the use of *swĕrho in the adjectival function (with the class prefix *r-: *r-eswĕrho-). Inspite of this metathesis, the etymology seems quite reliable, both semantically and phonetically. It is interesting to note that HU languages seem to reflect both *swĕrho 'year' ( > Hurr. šawalǝ, Urart. šālǝ id.) and the derivate *t-eswĕ(rho)- ( > PN *t-iši-), reflected in Hurr. tež-u/oɣǝ, tes:-oχ:ǝ 'elder, overseer', Urart. teš- 'to ripen' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 25, 30).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *šo
Meaning: year
Chechen: šo
Ingush: šo
Batsbi: šo
Comments: Obl. base *šari-, cf. Chech. šera-, Ing. šero, Bacb. šari-. 3d class in all languages. The same root (with Ablaut and old morphonological changes) is present in two PN derivates:
1) *šir-i(n) "old (of age)" > Chech., Ing. šira, Bacb. širĩ;
2) *t-iš-i(n) "old (inanim.)" > Chech., Ing. tiša, Bacb. tišĩ.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *-asara- (~ -o-)
Meaning: old, worn out
Avar: -asrá-ja-b
Akhvakh: -aša-da-
Comments: Akhv. -aša-da- < *-asar-da-, cf. Akhv. Tseg., Tlan. -ašara-ʎa-b id.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-akv,aandet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *dus:
Meaning: year
Akusha: dus
Chiragh: dus:
Comments: Cf. also Ur., Kub. dus etc.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *jis:V-
Meaning: 1 old 2 year
Lezghian: jis 2, sur 1
Tabasaran: jis 2, jirsi 1
Agul: is 2, jarse-f 1
Rutul: jis-dɨ 1
Tsakhur: jis:e-jin 1
Udi: b-isi 1
Comment: The nominal stem *jis, *jis:a- (cf. also Tab. Düb. jizi, Ag. Bursh. is:) means "year"; its adjectival derivate (often in suffixed form: *jis:V-rV-, sometimes metathesized as is usual with adjectives) means "old" which is a common semantic shift (cf. also external evidence). See Лексика 1971, 182; Хайдаков 1973, 110; Талибов 1980, 314.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: üs
North Caucasian etymology: 122
Meaning: year
Khinalug form: üs
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *ž́ʷǝ
Meaning: old
Abkhaz: á-ž̌
Abaza: a-žʷǝ
Adyghe: źǝ
Kabardian: źǝ
Ubykh: žʷǝ
Comments: PAT *žʷǝ (cf. also Bzyb. á-ž̌); PAK *źǝ.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVRTV
Meaning : old
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *zVr(d)V ( ~ *ʒ-)
Meaning: to grow
Dravidian: SDr *Seṛ- 'fertile; to flourish'
References: ND 2686 *z[e]ŕdV 'to grow, feed, rear' (? + IE *ordh-). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 904
Proto: *serä
English meaning: old
German meaning: alt, bejahrt
Mordovian: siŕe (E), sirä, śirä (M) 'alt' ?
Hungarian: öreg 'alt, bejahrt' ? (but cf. Ug. *ErV 'alt')
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mrd,uralet-ugr,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *zard- / zrd-
Russian meaning: расти
English meaning: to grow
Georgian: zard-, zrd-
Megrel: rd-
Svan: rd-
Laz: rd-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 88, EWK 139-140.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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