Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *bisa-r̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: beard

Bizkaian: bizar

Gipuzkoan: bizar

High Navarrese: bizar

Low Navarrese: bizar

Salazarese: bizar

Lapurdian: bizar

Baztanese: bizar

Aezkoan: bizar

Zuberoan: bízar

Roncalese: bizar

Comments: With expressive/diminutive palatal ZBR bíxar /bíšar/ 'goatee'.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *bilʒ́V́

Meaning: hair (feather; whiskers)

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *bilʒ́V (~-ō-,-ä-)

Yenisseian: *pis

Burushaski: *biś-ké

Basque: *bisa-r̄

Comments and references : ? Cf. also Basq. *bustan 'tail'.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *bilʒ́V (~-ō-,-ä-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: beard

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *miža (~-o)

Proto-Tsezian: *biša-l- A (~-ĩ-)

Proto-Lezghian: *moč:or, *moč:or-Vj

Proto-Khinalug: mič:-äš

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Most languages have suffixed forms either with original plural formants (PL *-or, perhaps also Khin. -äš; PC *-l- - note that in PGB a second plural formant *-ba has been added) or with less clear elements (PA *-tu, *-jiƛ:u). Correspondences are quite regular.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *miža (~-o)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: beard

Akhvakh: miže-ƛ:u

Chamalal: miza-ṭʷ

Tindi: miža-tu

Bagvalal: miža-tʷ

Comments: The pure root is preserved only in Akhv. Tlan., Tseg. miža. All other languages have rather obscure suffixes -tu (-ṭu) (cf. also Cham. Gig. mižaṭu) or *-jiƛ:u (cf. also Akhv. Ratl. mižejƛ:o). The stem should be distinguished from *migažu q.v.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *biša-l- A (~-ĩ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 beard 2 moustache

Khvarshi: bišan-de (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: bišan-du 1

Bezhta: bizal-ba 2

Gunzib: bilaž-ba 1

Comments: The Inlaut nasalisation is probable because of the -n-reflex of *-l- in Inkh.; the final -du is not clear (cf. -tu in some Andian languages). PGB *bižal-ba (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. bižal-ba 'moustache'); in Gunz. a metathesis has occurred. The element -ba in PGB is probably a former plural suffix.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *moč:or, *moč:or-Vj

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: beard

Lezghian: č:uru

Tabasaran: muǯri

Agul: mužur

Kryz: ǯiri

Comment: Lezg., Tab. and Kryz. reflect a form with the frequent nominal suffix *-Vj. Whereas in Lezg. the loss of *mo- is regular, the same phenomenon in Kryz. still needs a special explanation (perhaps - under Lezg. influence?). The root should be strictly distinguished from *moč̣or q.v. (although they may have partially contaminated).

Khinalug etymology :

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *pis

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: tail (of birds) (Werner 1, 320 also "Rockzipfel")

Ket: hīś, pl.: Kur. ha:śi⁴, Bak., Sur. ha:śǝ⁴ / haśǝ⁴, South. haś⁴

Yug: fis, pl. fa:^hs

Kottish: pis (Бол.) "tail"

Comments: ССЕ 249. Werner 1, 320 *p^his.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *biś-ké

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: 1 hair 2 animal hair, fur

Yasin: biśké 1

Hunza: biśké 2

Nagar: biśké 2

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVLCV

Meaning : hair (feather; whiskers)

Sino-Caucasian : *bilʒ́V́

Notes : So far attested only in SC.

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