Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *oćo

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wolf

Bizkaian: otso

Gipuzkoan: otso

High Navarrese: otso

Low Navarrese: otso

Salazarese: otso

Lapurdian: otso

Baztanese: otso

Aezkoan: otso

Zuberoan: otso

Roncalese: otso

Comments: Cf. Aquitanian personal names OSSON-, OXSON-, as well as the Spanish surname Ochoa (= Bsq *očo-a 'the little wolf'). Bouda (1948) compared Bsq + Batsbi borc̣, etc.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *bħĕrc̣ĭ́ (~ -ĕ)

Meaning: predator

North Caucasian: *bħĕrc̣ĭ (~ -ĕ)

Sino-Tibetan: OC *prāts 'a k. of mythical predator'

Yenisseian: *pe(ʔ)stap (~-b)

Basque: *oćo

Comments and references : HGC 28, LV C2, BDC 7.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *bħĕrc̣ĭ (~ -ĕ)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wolf; jackal

Proto-Nakh: *bɦorc̣

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *boc̣o

Proto-Tsezian: *bɔc̣ǝ A

Proto-Lak: barc̣

Proto-Dargwa: *bec̣

Proto-West Caucasian: *(bVgV)-bVʒ́V

Notes: If we assume a secondary contraction in PWC, the root is well reconstructable for NC; all correspondences are regular.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *bɦorc̣

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wolf

Chechen: borz

Ingush: borz

Batsbi: bʕorc̣

Comments: Obl. base *bɦarc̣i-, cf. Chech. berza-, Ing. berzo, Bacb. plur. bʕarc̣e-lš. Cf. also Ing. (Imnaishvili) bworʒ / bworc:, Chech. Cheb. bworz, Khild. bworʒ etc. 4th class in Chech., Ing., 6th class in Bacb.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *boc̣o

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wolf

Avar: bac̣

Chadakolob: bač̣

Andian language: boc̣o

Akhvakh: bač̣a

Chamalal: bac̣a

Tindi: bac̣a

Karata: bac̣a

Botlikh: bac̣a

Bagvalal: bac̣a

Godoberi: bac̣a

Comments: Av. paradigm A (bác̣i-l, bác̣a-l). Cf. also Cham. Gig. baza id.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *bɔc̣ǝ A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wolf

Tsezi: boc̣i

Ginukh: boc̣e

Khvarshi: boc̣a

Inkhokvari: boc̣o

Bezhta: bac̣o

Gunzib: bɔc̣ǝ

Comments: PTsKh *boc̣ǝ; PGB *bɔc̣ǝ.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: barc̣

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wolf

Lak form: barc̣

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *bec̣

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wolf

Akusha: bec̣

Chiragh: bec̣

Comments: Cf. also Ur., Kub. bic̣, Kad., Tsud. bec̣ etc.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *(bVgV)-bVʒ́V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: jackal, hyena

Abkhaz: a-bgǝ́ʒ

Abaza: bagaʒa

Comments: PAT *bVgVʒ́V (cf. also Bzyb. a-bgǝ́ʒ́). The form is an old compound (with contraction) from *bVga 'fox, jackal'(q.v.) + *bVʒ́a, with the second part corresponding to PEC *bɦĕrc̣ĭ 'wolf'.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *pestap (~-b)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wolverine

Kottish: feštap, fēštap, pheštap, pl. fēštapan, -paŋ; Ass. pestáp (М., Сл., Кл.)

Arin: ṕhjástap (М., Сл., Кл.)

Comments: ССЕ 247. Werner 1, 279 <*p^hestap / *p^hastap>.

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