Basque etymology : List with all references

Notes: The EC-WC comparison seems compelling, but the hushing *ǯ in PWC raises some problems. The reconstruction of *ǯ is based on the correspondence Ub. ʒ : PAT *ʒ́. It is not excluded, however, that the original PAT form *(a)ʒV underwent an influence of other roots: PAT *śǝ 'snow' and PAT *ʒ́ǝ-nǝ 'winter', and changed into *(a)ʒ́V by analogy. In that case PWC *ʒǝ could be reconstructed (in Ub. both *ǯ and *ʒ yield ʒ), which would be a perfect match for PEC *jămʒĂ.

Abdokov (1983, 99-100) compares the EC forms with PAK *č:apǝ 'hoar-frost', which seems much less probable (for phonetic reasons).

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *ʔanzi

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: snow

Avar: ʕázu

Chadakolob: ʕážu

Andian language: anži

Akhvakh: ãži

Chamalal: anz

Tindi: anzi

Karata: anze

Botlikh: anzi

Bagvalal: anz

Godoberi: anzi

Comments: Av. paradigm C (ʕazú-l, ʕáza-bi; Chad. gen. ʕužú-l). Cf. also Cham. Gig. anzi, Kar. Tok. ʕanzi.

aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *ʔẽsǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: snow

Tsezi: isi

Ginukh: iše

Khvarshi: ĩsa

Inkhokvari: ẽso

Bezhta: õz

Gunzib: ǝ̃z

Comments: PTsKh *ʔẽsǝ; PGB *ʔǝ̃z (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. õz, Khosh. oz). PGB *ʔǝ̃z is probably an analogical building from the oblique base *ʔǝ̃zi-, built with Ablaut (a regular correspondence for PTsKh *ẽ would be PGB *ẽ).

cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *ji(m)c:

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: snow

Rutul: jiz

Tsakhur: jiz

Kryz: jiz

Budukh: jiz

Udi: iIž

Comment: Obl. base *ji(m)c:a- (cf. Tsakh. jize-, Gelm. jiza-). Medial *-m- can not be postulated on Lezghian evidence (the root is not attested in Arch. or Tab.), but nothing contradicts its reconstruction, suggested by the external evidence. 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages.

See Лексика 1971, 192; Гигинейшвили 1977, 117.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

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Proto-West-Caucasian: *ǯǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 snow 2 hoar-frost 3 dew

Abkhaz: a-ʒáʒa 3

Abaza: aʒ 2,3

Adyghe: wasa-ps 3

Kabardian: wasa-ps 3

Ubykh: zʷa-ʒǝ́ 1

Comments: PAT *(a)ʒ́V (cf. also Bzyb. a-ʒ́áʒ́a 'dew'; the Abkh. form is reduplicated); Ub. zʷa-ʒǝ́ 'snow' (a compound with zʷa 'sky'), ʒǝ- 'to snow' (a-ʒǝ́-n), mIa-ʒǝ́ 'hoar-frost' (with an unclear component mIa-). The voiceless *-s- in PAK *wa-sá-psǝ (a compound with wa- 'sky' and -psǝ 'water') is conditioned by the influence of another root, PAK *wa-sǝ́ 'snow' ( < PWC *śǝ q.v.).

abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,

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