Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *śolho

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 meadow 2 field 3 field (prepared for sowing) 4 aftergrowth, second cutting (of grass, hay) 5 small plot or plaza where the youth gather to dance 6 estate, farm

Araban: soro 6

Bizkaian: solo 3

Gipuzkoan: soro 2

High Navarrese: (Irun) soro 1

Low Navarrese: sorho 4

Lapurdian: sorho 1

Baztanese: soro 4, 5

Zuberoan: sórho 1

Comments: This word is usually thought to be a loanword from Lat. solum, but it is phonetically and semantically distinct from the actual Bsq loanword zoru 'ground, floor'. Cf. PNC *č_Häɫu 'earth, ground, sand' (31).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *č_Häɫu

Meaning: earth, sand

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *č_Häɫu

Basque: *śolho

Comments and references : BCD 16.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *č_Häɫu

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: earth, ground, sand

Proto-Nakh: *č(ɦ)il (~ -ī-)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *š:VlV

Proto-Lak: š:aIlu

Proto-Lezghian: *č:il

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular (-H- indicated by Lak. pharyngealization). In PL we should expect a paradigm *č:äl, *č:ilɨ-; the oblique base obviously superseded the former direct one.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *č(ɦ)il (~ -ī-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ashes, dust

Ingush: čil

Comments: Isolated in Ing., but with rather probable external parallels.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *š:VlV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: silt, slime

Avar: š:aláj

Comments: Paradigm B (gen. š:aláj-dul). The word is also attested in God. (š:ale), but here it is most probably a loanword from Avar.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: š:aIlu

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: earth, ground

Lak form: š:aIlu

Comments: 4th class. The stem is used also in a reduced form š:aI- (š:aI-w 'on the earth, on the ground', š:aI-biḳan 'to sit'), but the external evidence clearly shows that the form with -l- is original.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *č:il

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 earth 2 floor

Lezghian: č:il

Tabasaran: žil

Agul: žil

Rutul: ǯil

Tsakhur: ǯil

Comment: PL *č:il, obl. base *č:ilɨ- (cf. Lezg. č:ili, Tab. ǯili-, Ag. žili-, Rut. ǯili-, Tsakh. ǯile-).

    See Талибов 1960а, 299.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVLV

Meaning : slime, dirt

Eurasiatic : *SVlV

Afroasiatic : *caḥil- (?)

Sino-Caucasian : *śiɫɨ̄́ (cf. also *č_Häɫu)

Amerind (misc.) : *salak 'pitch (resin)' (R 552)

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *SVlV

Meaning: slime

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *sleug'- etc.

Altaic: *sila

Uralic: *śiĺke (*śüĺke) (cf. also *śuδ́a )

Kartvelian: *slek-

Comments: Same root as *siLV? Cf. also *ʒaĺV.

References: МССНЯ 365; ND 2062 *śüĺ/ẑü(-kE) ~ *śil/ẑi(-kE) 'mucus, slime, saliva, to spit' (+ Bj.; ?+ Drav. *djol- 'saliva'); 2197 *ŝ[ü]LʕV ~ *ŝ[ü]ẑV 'dew' (+ Berb.).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *(s)lūg'-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to slip, to slip down

Slavic: *lɨ̄́žā, *lɨ̄́žъvā; *lɨ̄́zgātī; *lɨ̄́zgāvъ(jь)

Baltic: *šlüǯ-iā̃ f., *šleũǯ- vb., *šluǯ-jā̂-, *šlüǯ-jā̂- vb.

Germanic: *slūk-a- vb., *slūk-a- m., etc.

Russ. meaning: скользить, сползать etc.

References: WP II 711

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *šlüǯ-a- c., *šleũǯ- vb., *šluǯ-jā̂-, *šlüǯ-jā̂- vb.

Meaning: slide, creep

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: šliužaĩ pl. `Schlittschuhe', šliū̃žēs 'Rutspur eines Schlittens\; šlaũžti, šliaũžti `kriechen' (MEV III: 942)

Lettish: služât, šl̨užât `schlurren, glitschen, rutschen'; *služa ~ *služ(u)s 'Zugspur'; sluzns 'niedrig, niedrig gelegen', slàugzna², slaugsna 'Eiskruste auf der Schnee'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *slūkan- vb., *slūka-z, etc.

Meaning: crawl, steal by

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: { slūk `squamas' }

Old Saxon: slūk `afgeworpen slagenhuid'

Dutch: sluiken `schleichen, schmuggeln', ter sluik `heimlich'

Middle High German: slūch st. m. `(schlangen)haut, röhre, schlauch'

German: Schlauch; { schweiz. slūche `langsam, sleppend gehen', slūchi `langsamer Mensch' }

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1779

Root: (s)leuĝ-, (s)leuk̂-

English meaning: to slide, slip

German meaning: `gleiten, schlüpfen'

General comments: nur germ. und balto-slav.; vgl. auch sleub-.

Material: Ndl. sluiken `schleichen, schmuggeln', schweiz. slūche `schleppend gehen', slūchi `langsamer, schleichender, heimtückischer Mensch'; mhd. slūch `Schlangenhaut, Schlauch' (eig. `worein geschlüpft wird'), nhd. Schlauch, and. slūk `squāmas'; daneben germ. sluh-, slug- (idg. *sleuk-) in schwed. dial. slu(v) (*slūhwō) `die Hülse um den empfindlichsten Teil im Horn oder Hufe', norw.slo `der fleischige Kern im Horn oder Hufe', mnd. slū `Fruchthülse, Fruchtbalg, Schale', nnd. auch slūwe, norddt. dial. Schlaube, mengl. slughe, slouh (engl. slough) `abgestreifte Schlangenhaut'; nd. slū, nhd. schlau, süddt. dial. schlauch ds. (*slūha-, eig. `schleichend');

    lit. šliũžės Pl. `Schlittschuhe', šliaũžti `kriechen' (šl- aus sl-), lett. šl'užât `glitschen'; russ. lýža `Schneeschuh; Schlittenbalken', klr. ɫýžva `Skier', russ. dial. lyzgátь `auf dem Eise gleiten, glitschen', lyznútь, lyzgonútь `davonrennen', bulg. lъ́zgav `glatt', lъ́zgam se `laufeSchlittschuh, gleite'.

References: WP. II 711, Vasmer 2, 74 f.

Pages: 964

PIE database: PIE database

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *sila

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: dew, liquid; hoar-frost

Russian meaning: роса, влага; иней

Turkic: *sil-

Mongolian: *sil-

Tungus-Manchu: *sile-

Korean: *sǝ̀rí

Comments: SKE 230, EAS 71-72, VEWT 435. Cf. also Old Koguryo *salgan 'frost' (Miller 1979, 8).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *sil-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 spittle, saliva 2 slime

Russian meaning: 1 слюна, плевок 2 слизь

Turkish: sel, selik (dial.) 1

Middle Turkic: silik (Ettuhf.) 1

Uzbek: šilik 2

Uighur: šilim, šillik 2

Azerbaidzhan: selik 1

Kirghiz: silämägäj (R.) 1

Kazakh: sĭlemej 1

Comments: See ЭСТЯ 7. Most of the Turkic words for 'saliva' are attested late and look like borrowings < Mong. silü-kej; Yak. sil must also be borrowed (because of initial s-), perhaps from Mong. silö-sü (with secondary loss of suffix?). The above forms, however, can be hardly explained as mongolisms.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *sil-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 slime 2 saliva 3 to get wet 4 slobbery

Russian meaning: 1 слизь 2 слюна 3 мокнуть 4 слюнявый

Written Mongolian: silaj 1 (L 749: šalai 'watery stool, diarrhea'), silö-sü(n) 2 (L 708), sil-boji- 3, silükei 4 (L 708)

Khalkha: šalaj 1, šüls 2, šolboj- 3, šülxij 4

Buriat: šülhe(n) 2

Kalmuck: šülsṇ 2 , šülkɛ̄ 4 (КРС)

Ordos: šölösü, šölös 2

Dagur: šuls 2 (Тод. Даг. 184: šulse, šille), šulese (MD 218)

Monguor: śorgo 'salive, bave' (SM 397)

Comments: MGCD 729. Mong. silükej > Turk. (Turkm. sülekej etc.).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sile-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: dew

Russian meaning: роса

Evenki: sile-kse

Even: hīli

Negidal: sile-kse

Literary Manchu: sile-ŋgi

Jurchen: sie-le-un (10), cf. siel-hi 'spring' (48) (2-431)

Ulcha: silemse

Orok: śile-śke

Nanai: sile-mse

Oroch: sileŋse

Udighe: silihe

Solon: š́ilikš́i

Comments: See ТМС 2, 85-86.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *sǝ̀rí

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: frost

Russian meaning: иней

Modern Korean: sǝri

Middle Korean: sǝ̀rí

Comments: Nam 299, KED 936.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 978

Proto: *śiĺke (*śüĺke)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: spittle, to spit

German meaning: Speichel, Spucke; speien, spucken

Finnish: sylki (gen. syljen) 'Speichel, Spucke', sylky-, sylkä-, sylke- 'spucken, speien'

Estonian: sülg (gen. sülje, süle) 'Speichel', sülga-, sülgi-, sülge- 'speien, spucken'

Saam (Lapp): čǫl'gâ -lg- (N) 'saliva', čǫl'gâ- -lg- 'spit', tjål'kå (L) 'Spucke, Speichel), tjål'kå- 'spucken'; čolk (Not.), t́š́oл̄^gk^(A) (T Kld.) 'Speichel', čolki̊- (T), čulke-, čolke- (Kld.), čolke- (Not. A)

Mordovian: śeĺge (E), śeĺgä (M) 'Speichel', śeĺge- (E M) 'speien, spucken'

Mari (Cheremis): šǝwǝĺ-wǝt (KB), šüwǝ̑l (U), šüwǝ̑l-wüt (B) 'Speichel', šǝwe- (KB), šüwala- (U B) 'speien, spucken'

Udmurt (Votyak): śal (Bor.) 'слюна', śalal- (S K G) 'speien, spucken'

Komi (Zyrian): śe̮lal- (S), śe̮va^.v- (P), śȯ^.lal- (PO) 'spucken, speien'

Khanty (Ostyak): sö̆jǝɣ- (V) 'speien'

Mansi (Vogul): süĺk- (TJ), säĺɣ- (KU), säĺĺ- (P), saĺɣ- (So.) 'spucken'

Sammalahti's version: *s'ülk/d'ki(-)

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *slek-/slik-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: лизать

English meaning: to lick

Georgian: slek-, slik-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): лизать, гладить

Georgian meaning (Engl.): to lick, to caress

Megrel: sirk-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 164, EWK 303. В МССHЯ 365 сравнивается с ПИЕ *sleu-ḱ-, *sleu-ǵ-, *sleu-b- 'скользкий', алт. *sulV / *silV 'слюна, слизь', урал. *śulke 'слюна, плевать', драв. *coḷḷ- 'слизь, слюна' < ностр. *śulV.

Afroasiatic etymology :

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