Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *čonta / *čindo-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 finch, chaffinch 2 robin

Bizkaian: txonta 1, txindor, txindorri 2

Comments: Cf. PEC *č̣V̄ʁVliṭV 'a kind of bird' (sparrow, swallow, snipe, partridge). Phonetic development is complex and unclear. Bsq and the PEC word have the sequence affricate + vowel + resonant + coronal. As with many faunal words, these have probably undergone several expressive changes. Cf. also PEC *čHwV̄r(V)ṭV ‘a kind of bird’ (swallow, starling, lark, etc.).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *č̣V̄ʁVliṭV

Meaning: a kind of small bird

North Caucasian: *č̣V̄ʁVliṭV

Basque: *čonta / *čindo-

Comments and references : Etymological comparison suggested by John Bengtson.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *č̣V̄ʁVliṭV

Meaning: a k. of bird

Proto-Nakh: *č̣āʁVrṭ-iḳ

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *čorʁandi / -ṭi

Proto-Lezghian: *č̣iʁliṭ

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. An expressive stem with some irregular changes - possibly an old compound (for the first part cf., e.g., PEC *č̣āmʁā 'jackdaw', which could be distorted in a long word in most languages).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *č̣āʁVrṭ-iḳ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: swallow

Chechen: č̣ēʁardig

Ingush: č̣agarg

Comments: An expressive stem with some irregular changes (notably in Ing.: *-ʁ- > -g- by assimilation to the following g).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *čorʁandi / -ṭi

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: magpie

Avar: čárʁedo

Andian language: čordiʁanni

Akhvakh: čãʁadi

Comments: In most languages and dialects this long expressive stem was reinterpreted as a compound with *ʁandi 'crow' in the second part; in Av. the word čár-ʁedo means literally 'variegated crow' (cf. also an old Inkh. loan from Andian: ačirʁade 'magpie'). However, Khaidakov notes an And. dialectal form čarʁiṭ which obviously can not be explained in this way; external parallels also show that the influence of *ʁandi is here secondary.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *č̣iʁliṭ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 partridge 2 snipe 3 sparrow 4 eagle-owl

Lezghian: č̣aliṭ 1

Tabasaran: č̣iʁliṭ 2

Kryz: č̣ülüṭ 3

Budukh: č̣iliṭ 3

Udi: c:iIlʁiIṭ 4

Comment: An expressive root (sometimes with irregular loss of -ʁ- in the combination -ʁl-); 4th class in Kryz, but 3d class in Bud. Cf. also Lezg. Nüt. č̣iʁliṭ-ar, Kur., Fij. č̣irʁiṭ 'partridge'. The root was borrowed in Azerb. ǯüllüt 'snipe'.

    See Talibov 1980, 302.

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