Basque etymology : List with all references

Proto-Basque: *tupV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 barrel, cask 2 pot, kettle 3 copper

Bizkaian: topina 2

Gipuzkoan: tupi 2, tupiki 3

High Navarrese: tupin 2

Low Navarrese: tupin, tupina 2, dupha 1, (Baigorri) dupa 1

Salazarese: dupa 1

Lapurdian: tupin, tupina, tupiña 2, (Ainhoa) dupa 1

Zuberoan: tüpa, thüpe 1, thipíña 2

Roncalese: tupin 2

Comments: It is difficult to sort out native words (related to PNC *ṭāpV) vs. Romance words. Trask (EDB 350) has the Bsq words “from Gasc. toupin id. or a related Rom. form. {Occ. topin id.}." According to REW (8788) it is attested in French toupu, toupon ‘top’ (toy), Swiss-French topẽ, tupẽ ‘earthen pot; cowbell’, Prov. topí, Cat. tupí ‘earthen pot’. The words are cited under the heading OHG topho ‘Kreisel; Topf’, but the author casts doubt on High German provenance on phonetic grounds. Could it not just as likely have been a Vasconic word that left traces in surrounding Rom. and Gmc. languages?

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *[ṭ]āpV̆́

Meaning: a k. of wooden vessel

North Caucasian: *ṭāpV

Yenisseian: *to[p]-

Basque: *tupV

Comments and references : In Yen. possibly an assimilation *top- < (expected) *dop-. The comparison with Ket dɔ:vǝ³ 'trap for catching fish' should be rejected because of the analysis of this form presented by Werner 1,119.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ṭāpV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a k. of wooden vessel

Proto-Nakh: *dab(V) ( ~ -ā-,-w-)

Proto-Tsezian: *ṭɨpV

Proto-Lezghian: *ṭap / *ṭaṗ

Proto-Khinalug: ṭab

Proto-West Caucasian: *tǝpǝ

Notes: The etymology seems quite reliable, although there are usual in roots of this type (with two stops) assimilations and dissimilations (PN *dab < *ṭab < *ṭaṗ; PWC *tǝpǝ < *t:ǝpǝ). The root must have denoted originally some wooden or woven vessel.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *dab(V) ( ~ -ā-,-w-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a woven basket (for corn or for fishing)

Chechen: dō

Ingush: dɔ

Comments: Cf. also Akk. daw(a) id. 6th class in both languages.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ṭɨpV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a small barrel

Gunzib: ṭɨpi

Comments: Attested only in Gunz., but having probable external parallels.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ṭap / *ṭaṗ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hollow log 2 trap 3 lock 4 hive 5 tent 6 trough

Lezghian: ṭab 1

Tabasaran: ṭaṗar 3

Agul: ṭaw 3 (Burk.)

Rutul: ṭaṗ 2 (Kich.)

Tsakhur: ṭapan 4

Kryz: ṭäṗän 5

Udi: t:ap:an 6

Comment: The Ag. form stems from the Burk. dialect, thus ṭaw < *ṭab < *ṭaṗ. The original *-p is preserved in Tsakh.; all other languages reflect a secondary variant *ṭaṗ(an) with assimilated *ṗ. A form withoutsuffixes is reflected in Lezg., Rut. and Ag.; other languages either reflect a form with a common suffix *-an (Tsakh., Kryz., Ud.) or the original plural form *ṭap-ar (Tab., cf. also Lezg. daṗar / ṭaṗar 'lock', Lezg. Khl. ṭaṗar id.). Cf., perhaps, also Tsakh. ṭopi 'jug, jar' (with a secondary vowel labialisation) = Ud. t:op:i id.

The Ud. form t:ap:an may have been borrowed from Arm. tapan (all the Lezg. forms with -an are derived from this source by Vinogradova-Klimov 1979, 157); however, it is less probable for Kryz. and Tsakh. - and in general, considering the lack of IE etymology of the Armenian word, it seems much more probable that Arm. tapan was itself borrowed from a Caucasian source.

Khinalug etymology :

Khinalug root: ṭab

North Caucasian etymology: 1384

Meaning: trap

Khinalug form: ṭab

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *tǝpǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hut

Abkhaz: a-tǝ́p

Abaza: tǝp

Comments: PAT *tǝpǝ (the word also means 'place' in general).

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *tokV (~-x-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mortar

Ket: tō, Bak., Sur. tō / tōɣǝ¹; pl. tɔ:n³ / tɔ:³

Comments: ССЕ 287. Werner 2, 283 suggests *t^hop^hǝ; this is theoretically not excluded (*-p- would also disappear in Ket), but not supported by any evidence.