Burushaski etymology : List with all references

Notes: The nasal conjugation, preserved in PA and PD, was for some unclear reason lost in PL; it is, however, undoubtedly old, cf. also the HU data: Hurr. χan- 'to give birth, bear' (compared in Diakonoff-Starostin 1986 with PEC *G_Hŏnɨ 'pregnant', but rather belonging here).

The EC-WC comparison (first proposed by Mészáros 1934, 377) seems quite plausible (however, Megr. skua 'child' has of course nothing to do with it - see Shagirov 1, 231). Bouda's (1950, 294) comparison of the WC forms with Georg. meq̇wisi, moq̇wasi 'relative, near one' is much worse both phonetically and semantically. See also Abdokov 1983, 86 (Lezg. χʷa : WC; we should note, however, that other Lezg. forms cited by Abdokov go back to PEC *dwirχE q.v.).

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *=aqVn ( ~ -o-,-χ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to give birth, bear

Godoberi: =aχĩ

Comments: Attested only in God., but having probable external parallels.

aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: l-aI=qa-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to be born, arise

Lak form: laI=qa-n

Comments: G. pr. laI=qunu. Cf. perhaps also qana-n (the durative stem of xu-n 'to be, become').

laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *ħaqVn- ( ~ ʕ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to give birth, bear

Chiragh: ʕaqIVn- /ʕaIlq-

darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiχʷa-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to give birth, bear

Lezghian: χa-

Tabasaran: χ-

Agul: uχ-

Rutul: hu=χʷa-

Tsakhur: =uχa-

Kryz: χuj-

Budukh: χo=su

Udi: biχ-sun

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. pret. χa-na, imp. ruχuχ (with reduplication), Ag. Bursh. ruχa-s, Kryz. dur. ruχ-ri, imp. s-äχɨr. Different Ablaut grades are attested: *ʔiχʷa- in Ud. b-iχ-, with loss of *ʔi- in Lezg. χa-, Tab. χ-uz etc.; *ʔäχʷV- in Kryz. s=äχɨ-r; *ʔoχʷa- (originally probably a plural form - "to give birth (to many)") in most other forms.

An old derivate *ʔiχʷa-j > *χʷaj (a participial form) is reflected in Ud. χoj 'descendants', Lezg. χʷa, pl. r-uχʷa-jar (Khl. χʷa, r-uχʷa-jar) 'son'.

See Гигинейшвили 1977, 127.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

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Proto-West-Caucasian: *q:ʷa ( ~ qʷ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: son

Adyghe: q:ʷa

Kabardian: q:ʷa

Ubykh: qʷa

Comments: PAK *q:ʷa; Ub. def. á-qʷa. Dumézil 1932, 124-125 compares also Abkh. *ʕʷǝ 'man', which we prefer to relate to Ub. ʁʷa 'self' (see WC *ʁʷV). See Shagirov 1, 231.

abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Ke(j)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bear, give birth

Tibetan: skje (p. skjes) to be born, skjed (p. bskjed) to generate, produce, skjed growth, increase etc., skjes man, male person.

Burmese: kjah man; LB: Akha cì to give birth.

Kachin: git³ be reborn.

Lepcha: gjek to bring forth, to give birth to; to be born, to be generated, to be created (life)

Kiranti: *gi(k) (/ʔk-)

Comments: STEDT 153-154 *s-kye-k 'born, give birth' (adding also Bahing gi-gi, kik-, but not listing Lepcha or Jingpo; note that Thul. kǝks- is separately compared with Tangkhul khak 'breath, life' under *kak ~ *gak 'life, born' in STEDT 155-156 which is hardly plausible).

stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,

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Kiranti etymology :

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Proto-Kiranti: *gi(k) (/ʔk-)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: to give birth, be born

Sunwar: 'gī-ca

Tulung: kǝks- 'give birth', gǝks- 'be born'

kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,

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Yenisseian etymology :

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Proto-Yenisseian: *kej- (~ q-, g-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to bear, be born

Ket: sīja-tāx (Кастр.) "he is born", pret. sīja-tonāx; (Донн.) sjēge-tak "he is born" (Werner 2, 192: śi-ɣa-tɔnɔqś 'er ist geboren', śi-ɣi-tɔnɔqś 'sie ist geboren', Sur. śi-g-bataq)

Yug: si-g-ba-ta:^hx (Werner 2, 192)

Kottish: agejaŋ "to bear", pret. anagejaŋ, imp. anei; šigei "bearing"; igejaŋ "to be born", pret. anigejaŋ, imp. anigej

Comments: ССЕ 236. Pump. (Срсл.) sietak "Geburt" is in reality a Ket form. The Ket verb is complex: its first component sīja- / sjēge- / si-g- = Kott. ši-gei. The Kott. paradigm, however, does not leave any doubt that the root is -gej- (not šig-), so the proposed reconstruction *sik in Werner 2, 192 is faulty.

yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,

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