Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *sum

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: 1 sprout, shoot 2 tail 3 snout (of a vessel)

Yasin: sum 1, su (pl. súmu) 3

Hunza: sum 1, -súmal 2

Nagar: sum 1, -súmal 2

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʒ[ū́]mV

Meaning: point, edge

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *c̣_ūmV ( ~ *ʒ_-)

Sino-Tibetan: *ʒhem

Burushaski: *sum

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *c̣_ūmV ( ~ *ʒ_-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: tip, point

Proto-Nakh: *c̣ōm

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *c̣:umV-

Proto-Tsezian: *cɨme ( ~ -i-)

Proto-Lak: c̣un

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *c̣ōm

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: trunk

Chechen: c̣om

Comments: Obl. base c̣ȫma- ( < *c̣ōmi-). Attested only in Chech., but having probable external parallels.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *c̣:umV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sharp, pointed

Chamalal: ṣũḳu-b

Karata: c̣:umo-b

Comments: The root is also used as verbal: c̣:um-aʎa 'to sharpen'. The Cham. form contains a suffix and goes back to *c̣:um-ḳV-.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *cɨme ( ~ -i-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: corner (inner)

Tsezi: cemi

Ginukh: cemi

Comments: PTsKh *cɨme ( ~ -i-).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: c̣un

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: spout (of a vessel)

Lak form: c̣un

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[ʒ́hē]m

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: fringe

Tibetan: śam flounces, fringes, trimmings.

Lushai: fēm fringe, edge.

Comments: For Lush. cf. rather OC 尖 cem `sharp point, edge' < *ʒhem.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVMV

Meaning : edge

Eurasiatic : *cimu ( ~ ć-, č-, č`-) top, summit

Sino-Caucasian : *ʒū́mV point, edge

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *cimu ( ~ č-, č`-)

Meaning: top, summit

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *č`ī̀mu

Dravidian: *Cim-

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *č`ī̀mu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: top, edge

Russian meaning: верх, край

Turkic: *čɨm- / *čum- (*čom-)

Mongolian: *čimarkai

Tungus-Manchu: *čīme

Japanese: *tuma

Comments: The root seems reliable, although in Turkic its reflex is rather hard to distinguish from a homonymous reflex of *č`i̯úmu 'rounded object'.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *čɨm- / *čum- (*čom-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 top, upper part 2 staff (with a knob) 3 lump, pompon, knob

Russian meaning: 1 верхушка 2 палка (с набалдашником) 3 комок, помпон, набалдашник

Karakhanid: čomaq 2

Uighur: čomčak 1

Azerbaidzhan: čomaG 2

Turkmen: čömmek 1

Chuvash: čъʷmak 3

Comments: VEWT 115, TMN 2, 94-95, EDT 422. The Chuv. reflex points to *-ɨ-.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *čimarkai

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: temple (of head), sides of forehead

Russian meaning: висок, стороны лба

Written Mongolian: čimarqai (L 184)

Khalkha: čamarxaj

Buriat: sabirgaj 'temple, temporal'

Ordos: čimarxǟ

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *čīme

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 top (of tree, mountain) 2 crown, sinciput

Russian meaning: 1 вершина (дерева, горы) 2 темя

Evenki: čīme 1

Even: čem 1

Nanai: čimčikē̃ 2 (Он.)

Comments: ТМС 2, 395. Cf. also Evk. čīmka 'middle post in the house'.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tuma

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: edge, side, rim; skirt, lap

Russian meaning: бок, сторона; подол

Old Japanese: tuma

Middle Japanese: tuma

Tokyo: tsumá

Kyoto: tsúmà

Kagoshima: tsúmà

Comments: Accent reconstruction difficult (see JLTT 555).

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *Cim-

Meaning : point, tip, summit

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *SIm-ai-

Proto-Telugu : *civ-ar-

Proto-North Dravidian : *cum-(j)ā

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *SIm-ai-

Meaning : summit

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : cimai

Tamil meaning : summit of a mountain, hair-tuft

Tamil derivates : cimaiyam top, summit of a mountain, peak, mountain, hill

Number in DED : 2544

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *civ-ar-

Meaning : end, point, tip, extremity

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : civara

Number in DED : 2544

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *cum-(j)ā

Meaning : projecting point on a hill or mountain, peak, crag

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : cumʔā, cupʔā

Number in DED : 2544

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