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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *thi
Meaning: to pour
Yasin: -thi-
Hunza: thí-
Nagar: thí-
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=V̄[ṭ]wV
Meaning: water
Comments and references : NSC 63 *-ṭwV, SCE 101. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=V̄ṭwV
Meaning: to pour, soak
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The root has many variants (with Ablaut and preverbs), especially in the Nakh and Av.-And. area, which makes it difficult to reconstruct vocalism. In several subgroups it tends to contaminate with *=iṭVl 'to drop, drip' (q.v.), which makes it sometimes difficult to attribute particular forms to *=V̄ṭwV or *=iṭVl. Still the two roots are opposed in several languages, and should be distinguished, at least for PEC.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *χ-ōbṭ-
Meaning: to soak up
Chechen: χūd-
Batsbi: χoṗṭ-
Comments: Chech. reflects only the terminative stem; Bacbi, besides χoṗṭ-, has also the durative χeṗṭ- < *χ-ēbṭ-. The same root is contained in two common Nakh derivates:
a) *b-ōṭi-n 'raw' (Chech. bǖda, Ing. bijda /irregular: beda would be expected/, Bacb. boṭĩ; cf. also Cheb. bwōdĩ, Shar. bū(j)dĩ etc.);
b) (with reduplication) *ṭāṭi-n 'wet' > Chech. ṭēda, Ing. ṭäda, Bacb. ṭaṭẽ (cf. also Cheb. ṭadẽ, Shar. ṭēdã etc.). The pure stem *ṭāṭ- can be seen in Chech. ṭād-ō 'to soak, become/make wet', Bacb. ṭaṭ-dar id., ṭaṭ-al 'liquid'.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=iṭʷ- / *ṭʷi(r)-
Meaning: 1 to pour 2 to drop, drip, flow
Avar: ṭe- 1
Akhvakh: =eṭʷ- 2
Chamalal: ṭe-d- 2
Karata: ṭor- 2
Comments: Stem I is reflected in Akhv. (=eṭʷ-), stem II (sometimes with a -r-suffix) in other languages (it also occurs in Akhvakh dialects: Tseg., Ratl. ṭor- 'to drop, drip'). There also exists a reduplicated stem *ṭʷVṭʷ- > Tind. ṭoṭ- 'to drop, drip', Cham. ṭeṭi-d- id., Kar. ṭʷaṭʷa-r- 'to drip, flow'.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *ʔiṭʷ-
Meaning: to pour
Tsezi: eṭʷ-
Khvarshi: g-iṭ-
Bezhta: =oṭ- (Khosh.)
Comments: PTsKh *ʔiṭʷ- (or *g-iṭʷ- with a preverb).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-khv,cezet-bzt,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: =u=ṭi-
Meaning: to pour
Lak form: =u=ṭi-n
Comments: G. pr. =u=ṭu-nu. Cf. Khosr. =u=ṭi-n id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *-Vrṭ-
Meaning: to pour
Akusha: -Vrṭ- (Ur.)
Comments: The root is used mostly with preverbs, which makes it difficult to establish vocalism. Most probably it was *-arṭ- / *-irṭ-, cf. Kub. k-aṭ- / kat:-iṭ- id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tujH
Meaning: water
Burmese: LB: Achang ti water.
Kachin: mǝdi1 be wet.
Lushai: tui, KC *Dui water.
Lepcha: dă a pond, a lake, stagnant water
Comments: BG: Dimasa di water, Bodo bidǝ́y, Garo tśi, Banpara ti; Rawang thi; Kanauri ti; Vayu ti; Magari di; Pwo, Sgaw thi. Sh. 48, 442; Ben. 45, 134. Initial *dh- in PK is not quite clear. STEDT 372-376: *m-t(w)i ~ *m-twǝy 'water, fluid', *ti(y) 'water' (two protoforms are proposed without comment, but it seems much more probable that we deal with a single root here).
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 水
Modern (Beijing) reading: shuǐ
Preclassic Old Chinese: tujʔ
Classic Old Chinese: twǝ́j
Western Han Chinese: twǝ́j
Eastern Han Chinese: ćwǝ́j
Early Postclassic Chinese: ćwíj
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćwíj
Late Postclassic Chinese: ćwí
Middle Chinese: śwí
English meaning : water, river
Russian meaning[s]: 1) вода; водянистый; сок; сочный; жидкость; выделения; 2) воды; река; водный, речной; серебристый; 3) разница на курсе (обычно при перерасчете на серебро); приплата; доплата; отчисление, комиссия; 4) соблазнять; уговаривать добром; 5) сорт товара; 6) астр. Меркурий; 7) Шуй (фамилия)
Comments: MC ś- is irregular; a clear indication of *t- is given by Min forms: Xiamen cui3, Chaozhou, Fuzhou cui3.
Radical: 85
Four-angle index: 5501
Karlgren code: 0576 a-c
Jianchuan Bai: śui1
Dali Bai: śui1
Bijiang Bai: śui1
Shijing occurrences: 39.1, 43.1, 43.2, 57.4, 58.4
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 108
Character: 水
MC description : 止合三上旨書
ZIHUI: 3055 1208
Beijing: ṣuei 2
Jinan: ṣuei 2
Xi'an: fei 2
Taiyuan: suei 2
Hankou: suei 2
Chengdu: suei 2
Yangzhou: suǝi 2
Suzhou: se_ 2 (lit.); sü 2
Wenzhou: si_ 21
Changsha: śyei 2
Shuangfeng: śy 2
Nanchang: sui 2
Meixian: sui 2
Guangzhou: šö_y 21
Xiamen: sui 2 (lit.); cui 2
Chaozhou: cui 21
Fuzhou: cuei 2
Shanghai: sü 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: šuei 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *dhì
Meaning: lake
Tulung: din pool, lake
Kaling: dhi lake, pond, pool
Kulung: diditti (Toba)
Comments: Toba 94 *dhi __-.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-kul,kiret-notes,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔut- ( ~ x-)
Meaning: wet
Ket: utäs (Castr.) 'foggy, cloudy'
Yug: uttá-d́id́iŋ 'es tropft'
Kottish: uta-tēr 'to wet'
Comments: Werner 2, 369, 373 (without comparison and reconstruction).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *i=tur̄i
Meaning: fountain, spring
Bizkaian: iturri
Gipuzkoan: iturri
Low Navarrese: ithurri
Salazarese: iturri
Lapurdian: ithurri
Zuberoan: üthǘrri
Roncalese: uturri
Comments: Cf. especially Karata ṭor- 'to drop, drip, flow'. For 'spring, source' the compound *itur̄-begi 'fountain-eye' is used (cf. Span. ojo, Arabic, Hebrew ʕayin with this sense), or *itur̄-sulɦo 'fountain-hole'. Some other forms from this root seem to be Bsq *e=to ‘to drown’ and *i=to- ‘gutter’.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : WVTV
Meaning : water
Amerind (misc.) : *tia (rather *itua) 'river; water' (R 572) [C An Pa MT E MC MP MG] ; *do 'water; drink' (R 834) [P globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *wetV
Meaning: water
Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *jīt- 'to drip'
Comments: [For PIE *und- 1206 cf. PA *ùntu 2526; in Drav. cf.: *vedd- / *ōt- (DEDR 1047); *ūt- (DEDR 743) 'wet, become wet'; *vaṭi- 'to drip' (DEDR 5221); *uṭ- 'to urinate' (DEDR 696).]
References: МССНЯ 334; ND 2544 *`wete '(flowing) water' (Alt, Ur, IE + Drav *vaṭ- + very dub. SH). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *wod-(or/en-)
Meaning: water
Hittite: watar n. (r/n), dat.-loc. weteni (Friedrich 249-250)
Tokharian: B yot 'vital fluid, broth' (Adams 511)
Old Indian: unátti, undati `to flow, spring (as water); to wet, bathe', udaká-, loc. udán(i), gen. udnáḥ, instr. udnā́ n. `water'; samudrá- m. `sea, ocean', anudrá- `waterless'; útsa- m. `spring, fountain'
Avestan: vaiδi- f. 'Wasserlauf, Bewässerungskanal'
Armenian: get `Fluss'
Old Greek: hǘdōr, -atos n. `Wasser'
Other Italic: Umbr utur, abl. une Wasser
Celtic: *udeskjo- ? > OIr u(i)sce `Wasser'
Albanian: ujɛ Wasser
Russ. meaning: вода
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: вода́,
Near etymology: сюда же во́дка, укр., блр. вода́, др.-русск., ст.-слав. вода ὕδωρ (Супр.), болг. вода́, сербохорв. во̀да, словен. vóda, чеш. voda, слвц. voda, польск. woda, в.-луж., н.-луж. woda. Древние ступени чередования представлены в ведро́, вы́дра.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. vanduõ, род. п. vandeñs, жем. unduo, д.-в.-н. waʒʒar "вода", гот. watō, греч. ὕδωρ, ὕδατος, арм. get "река", фриг. βέδυ, др.-инд. udakám, uda-, udán- "вода", unátti "бить ключом", "орошать", ṓdman- ср. р. "поток", алб. uj "вода"; носовой согласный в лат. unda "волна" и лит. vanduõ вторичного происхождения; см. Вальде 850; И. Шмидт, Pluralb. 202 и сл.; М. -- Э. 4, 404 и сл.; Хюбшман 434; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 28 и сл. Древняя основа на r/n.
Pages: 1,330
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *wan̂d-ō̃ (-en-es) (2), *un̂d-ō̃ (-en-es) (2), *und-a- n., *und-[a]- m.
Meaning: water
Lithuanian: vanduõ, gen. -eñs, acc. vándenį `Wasser', dial. unduõ, únduo `Wasser'
Lettish: ûdens (gen. -ns/-n̨a), ûdęns2, ûdins 'Wassser'
Old Prussian: wundan n., unds m. 'Wasser'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *watan, *watar
Meaning: water
Gothic: watō n. (n) `water'
Old Norse: vatn n. `Wasser'
Norwegian: vatn
Old Swedish: vätur
Swedish: vatten
Danish: vand
Old English: wäter, -es n. (/f.) `water'
English: water
Old Saxon: watar
Middle Dutch: wāter
Dutch: water n.
Old Franconian: watar, water
Middle Low German: wāter
Low German: watar
Old High German: waʒʒar (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: waʒʒer st. n. 'wasser'
German: Wasser n.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-lg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 136
Root: au̯(e)-9, au̯ed-, au̯er-
English meaning: to flow, to wet; water, etc.
German meaning: `benetzen, befeuchten, fließen'
Material: a) au̯/е/-, au̯ent-: Hisp. FlN Avo[s] > span. Ave, ON A[v]o-briga; gall. FlN Aveda > prov. Avèze (Gard), Avisio portus (Alpes-mar.);
ai. avatá-ḥ m. `Brunnen' (*au̯n̥tos), avaṭá-ḥ `Zisterne' (mit prakrit. ṭ aus t), ital. FlN Avēns im Sabinerland (davon Aventīnus m. Hügel Roms?), Aventia (Etrurien), gall. Aventia, Quellnymphe von Aventicum > frz. Avenches (Schweiz), zahlreiche FlNAvantia (*au̯n̥tiā) > frz. Avance, La Vence, abrit. *Avantīsā > cymr. Ewenni; alit. FlNAvantà, lett. avuõts (*au̯ontos) `Quelle'.
b) au̯ed-, aud-, ū̆d-; heteroklit. r/n-St. u̯édōr, u̯ódōr (Nom. Sg.), udén(i) (Lok.Sg.), udnés (Gen. Sg.) `Wasser', vgl. J. Schmidt Pl. 172 ft., Pedersen KZ. 32, 240 ff., Bartholomae PBrB. 41, 273.
Ai. ōdatī `die Quellende, Wallende', ōdman- n. `das Wogen, Fluten', ōda-ná-m `Brei in Milch gekocht', av. aoδa- m. `Quelle'.
Ai. unátti (*u-n-ed-ti), 3. Pl. undáti `quellt, benetzt'; av. vaiδi- f. `Wasserlauf, Bewässerungskanal'.
Ai. udán(i) Lok., udnáḥ Gen., udā́ Nom. Akk. Pl. `Wasser' (Nom. Akk. Sg. udaká-m); vom r-St. abgeleitet samudra-ḥ `Meer', anudra-ḥ `wasserlos' (= gr. ἄνυδρος);
udro-s `Wassertier': ai. udrá-ḥ `ein Wassertier' = av. udra- m. `Otter, Fischotter' (= gr. ὕδρος, ahd. usw. ottar, vgl. auch lat. lutra und mit ū lit. údra, aksl.vydra ds.);
von einem -(e)s-St. ai. utsa-ḥ `Quelle, Brunnen', vgl. air. uisce (*udeski̯o-) `Wasser';
arm. get `Fluß' (Gdf. *u̯edō, Sandhiform zu u̯edōr, vgl. unten slav. voda; ihr entspricht auch phryg. βεδυ `Wasser', d. i. *vedū aus *u̯edō, Kretschmer Einl. 225).
Gr. ὕδωρ, ὕδατος (*υδ-n̥-τος) `Wasser' (mit metr. Dehnung ῡδωρ); vom r-St. abgeleitet ἄνυδρος `wasserlos', ὕδρος, ὕδρᾱ `Wasserschlange', ἐνυδρίς f. `Fischotter', ὑδαρής, ὑδαρός `wässerig' (ὑδαλέος ds. mit Suffixtausch; ähnlich ὕλλος `Wasserschlange, Ichneumon' : ὕδρος = lak. ἑλλά̄ : ἕδρα), ὕδερος `Wassersucht', ὑδρία `Wassereimer' (: lat. uter); vom n-St. (vgl. ὕδνης `wässerig') abgeleitet ̔Αλοσύδνη eig. `Meereswoge' (?), Beiname der Amphitrite und Thetis (Johansson Beitr. 117; ob auch ὑδνον `Trüffel' als `saftig'??), sowie wahrscheinlich Καλ-υδών, -ύδνα (-ύμνᾱ), Καλύδνιοι, -ύμνιοι (s. Boisacq 998 a)?
es-St. τὸ ὕδος `Wasser' ist erst spät poet. Nom. Akk. zum Dat. ὕδει.
Maked. ON ῎Εδεσσα aus *u̯edesi̯ā, Kretschmer RIEt Balc. 1, 383.
Alb. ujë `Wasser' (nach Pedersen KZ. 34, 286; 36, 339 nicht aus *ud-ni̯ā, sondern aus *ud-; oder doch aus *udō?).
Lat. unda, f. `Welle, Woge' (mit n-Infix aus dem Präsens; vgl. apr. wundan n., unds m. `Wasser' und ai. unátti, undáti sowie lit. vanduõ, -eñs, vándenį, žem. unduo, lett. ûdens m. f. `Wasser', und dazu Schulze EN. 243, Brugmann Grdr. II2 3, 281, 283, Trautmann 337); uter, utris `Schlauch' (*udri-s `*Wasserschlauch', vgl. gr. ὑδρία), lutra `Fischotter' (l- nach lutum `Pfütze').
Umbr. utur n. `Wasser' (= ὕδωρ), Abl. une (*udni).
Air. u(i)sce `Wasser' (*udeski̯o-), odar `braun' (*udaros), coin fodorne `Ottern' (`Wasserhunde').
Got. watō (n-St.), Dat. Pl. watnam `Wasser'; aschwed. vætur (æ = idg. e? eher Umlaut von germ. a in den -in-Kasus, s. Bartolomae aaO.), aisl. vatn n. (o-St. geworden, vgl. got. Dat. Pl. watnam), vatr, nord. Seename Vättern; ahd. wazzar, as. watar, ags.wæter (*u̯odōr) `Wasser'; aisl. otr, ags. otor, ahd. ottar m. `Otter', dazu FlN Otter, alt Uterna; mit Binnennasalierung (vgl. oben zu lat. unda) wahrscheinlich got. wintrus, aisl.vetr, ags. winter, ahd. as. wintar `Winter' als `nasse Jahreszeit' (Lidén PBrB. 15, 522, Falk-Тоrp unter vinter; nicht besser zu ir. find `weiß', s. unter su̯eid- `glänzen');
vielleicht zu Wasser auch ahd. ags. wascan, aisl. vaska, nhd. waschen, wusch (*wat-sk-); mit Dehnstufe ē von der Wz. aus gebildet aisl. vātr, ags. wǣt, engl. wet `naß, durchnäßt'.
Im Germ. auch mit þ ags. wađum m. `Woge', schwundstuf. aisl. unnr, uđr, Pl. unnir `unda', as. ūthia, ūđia, ags. ȳđ, ahd. undea `Woge, Welle, Flut', wie von einer Wzvariante *u̯et-, die aber sonst nirgends gefunden ist; Johansson Beitr. 117 f. sieht darin das t des Typus ai. yakr̥-t.
Lit. vanduõ usw. (s. oben); lit. údra, аpr. udro f., ostlit. údras, lett. ûdris m. `Fischotter'; aksl. vydra, skr. vīdra (bsl. ūd- : lit. vánd-eni; s. zuletzt Trautmann 334 m. Lit.; zum ū vgl. Pedersen Ét. Lit. 54 f.);
aksl. voda `Wasser' (Fem. geworden wegen des Ausganges -a, der hier für idg. -ō[r]); dehnstufig aksl. vědro `κάδος, σταμνος' (mit ὑδρία in der Bed. gut stimmend, s. Meillet MSL. 14, 342, Trautmann 337);
hett. wa-a-tar (wātar) `Wasser', Gen. úе-te-na-aś (e-Stufe wie phryg. βεδυ, das a des Nom. aus e?). Nom. Pl. ú-wi-ta-ar, mit ungeklärtem Vokalismus trotz Pedersen Hitt. 167.
c) au̯er- `Wasser, Regen, Fluß' (u̯ēr- : ūr-; zum Ablaut Persson Beitr. 604, Anm. 2).
1. u̯ēr-, u̯er-: Ai. vā́r, vā́ri n. `Wasser', av. vār n. `Regen' (mit themat. Flexion iran. av. vār `regnen', med. `regnen lassen'), ai. vārī f. `Wasser', av. vairi- m. `See';
toch. A wär, В war `Wasser';
arm. gayṙ `Sumpf, Schlamm' (*u̯eri̯o-);
gr. vielleicht in ἀρύω `schöpfe', wenn *ὰρ ὔ[σ]ω (s. *aus- `schöpfen');
alb. (nach Jokl SBAk. Wien 168 I 30, 89, 97) vrëndë `leichter Regen' (nt-Partiz.); hur-dë `Teich, Zisterne, Sumpf' (*ūr-), shure `harne', shurë (postverbal) f. `Harn' (Präfix sh aus lat. ex oder idg. *sm̥ + ūr-në; oder + gr. οὐρέω?);
cymr. gwer m. `Talg';
anord. vari m. `Flüssigkeit, Wasser'.
2. ūr-, au̯er-: Lat. ūrīna `Harn' (in der Bed. durch οὖρον beeinflußt?), ūrīnor, -ārī `untertauchen', ūrīnātor `Taucher';
anord. ūr `feiner Regen', ȳra `fein regnen', ūrigr `betaut', ags. ūrig ds.; vielleicht anord. ūrr, Gen. ūrar (u-St.), ags. ūr, ahd. ūro, ūrohso, lat. Lw. ūrus `Auerochs', schwed. mdartl. ure `stößiger Stier' (`*Beträufler, Besamer' wie ai. vr̥šan- usw., s. unten); Wzf. au̯er- in thrak. FlN Αὔρας, gr. (Persson IF. 35, 199) *αὔρα `Wasser, Quell' in ἄναυρος `wasserlos, von Bächen' u. dgl. (über gr. θησαυρός und Κένταυρος vgl. Schwyzer Gr.Gr. I 267, 444);
in FlN: ital. Met-aurus (Bruttium), Pisaurus (Umbrien), gall. Avara > frz. Avre, Aura > frz. Eure, Aurana > nhd. Ohrn (Württemb.), Ar-auris > frz. Hérault, Vi-aurus > frz. Le Viaur; аpr. Aure, lit. Aur-ytė; anord. aurigr `naß', aurr `Naß, Wasser', FlN Aura, ags. ēar `Meer';
аpr. wurs (*ūras) `Teich', iūrin Akk. Sg., iuriay Pl. fem. `Meer', alett. jūri- m., lett. jũ'ra, lit. jū́rės, jū́rios Pl. fem. `Meer, bes. die Ostsee' (s. oben zu lat. ūrīna; j- vermutlich Vorschlag nach J. Schmidt PL 204);
lit. jaurùs `moorig, sumpfig', jáura, jáuras `sumpfige Stelle, Moorgrund' aus *eu̯ǝr- (s. Berneker IF. 10, 162, Trautmann 335 m. Lit.).
3. Verbum: Lit. vérdu, vìrti `sprudeln, wallen, kochen', versmě `Quelle', vỹrius `Strudel', atvyrs `Gegenstrom am Ufer', lett. ver̂du, vir̂t `quellen, sprudeln, sieden, kochen', atvars `Wirbel', aksl. vьrjǫ, vьrěti `quellen, sprudeln, wallen, sieden, kochen', virъ `Strudel', izvorъ `Quelle', wozu mit aus `kochen' entwickelter Bed. `Hitze', lett.wersme `Glut', aksl. varъ `Hitze'.
Über allfällige Zugehörigkeit von *u̯er/e/nā `Еrlе' s. dort.
4. Erweiterung u̯er-s- `Regen, Таu': ai. varśá- n. `Regen, Regenzeit, Jahr' (varšati `es regnet'), gr. οὖρον `Harn'; ἔρση, ἐέρση `Tau', ion. att. οὐρέω `harne' (kausativ *u̯orseiō, - erwiesen durch die Augmentierung ἐούρησα), οὐρία `ein Wasservogel'; mir. frass `Regen' ist älter fross (u̯ros-tā, trotz Pedersen KG. I 44); hett. wa-ar-ša-aš `Regen'(?) scheint ai. Lw.
u̯r̥sen- `semen emittens = männlich', ai. vr̥šán- `männlich', m. `Männchen, Mann, Hengst'.
Davon abgeleitet av. varǝšna- `männlich', ai. vŕ̥ṣ̣a-, vr̥ṣabhá- `Stier', vŕ̥ṣṇi- `männlich', m. `Widder' (= av. varǝšni- ds.), vŕ̥šaṇa- m. `Hoden';
Specht (Dekl. 156) stellt hierher (aus germ. *wrai-njan-) ohne s-Erweiterung ahd. reineo `Hengst', as. wrênio ds., ags. wrǣne `geil'; ahd. wrenno `Hengst' ist aus dem Mlat. rückentlehnt.
u̯ersē/i-: lat. verrēs, -is `Eber', lit. ver̃šis `Kalb', lett. versis `Ochs, Rind'.
References: Vgl. im allgemeinen Persson Wzerw. 47, 85 f., Johansson KZ. 30, 418, IF. 2, 60 ff., Persson Beitr. 604 f., 845 (auch gegen Verknüpfung von u̯ers- mit ers-). Über finn. vesi, St. vete `Wasser' s. Mikkola Mél. van Ginneken 137. WP. I 252 f., 268 f., WH. I 81 f., Pokorny Urillyrier 93, 105, 159, 169, Specht Dekl. 18 f., Trautmann 20, 334, 337, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 519, 548, 838.
Pages: 78-81
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *udV ( ~ o-, i̯u-, i̯o-)
Meaning: rain
Russian meaning: дождь
Comments: A Tung.-Kor. isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *udu-n
Meaning: rain (with wind)
Russian meaning: дождь, ливень
Evenki: udun
Even: ụdъn
Oroch: udu(n)
Solon: ụdụ̃
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-orc,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *òrán-
Meaning: heavy rain
Russian meaning: ливень
Middle Korean: òrán-pí
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1157
Proto: *wete
English meaning: water
German meaning: Wasser
Finnish: vesi (gen. veden) 'Wasser'
Estonian: vesi (gen. vee)
Mordovian: ved́, väd́ (E), ved́ (M)
Mari (Cheremis): wǝt (KB), wüt (U B)
Udmurt (Votyak): vu (S G), vu̇ (K)
Komi (Zyrian): va (S P PO)
Mansi (Vogul): üt́ (TJ), wit́ (Kū), wüt́ (P), wit (So.)
Hungarian: víz (acc. vizet)
Nenets (Yurak): jīʔ (O), wit (Lj.)
Enets (Yen): biʔ (ɣɛŋ. bīroʔ) (Ch.), biʔ (ɣɛŋ. bidoʔ) (B)
Nganasan (Tawgi): bēʔ (gen. bedaŋ)
Selkup: yt (Ta.), üt (Tur.), ü̆t (Ke.), öt (Ty.)
Kamass: bш
Janhunen's version: (57) *weti
Sammalahti's version: *weti
Addenda: Mot. bu; Koib. bu, by; Karag. bu
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *jēd_-
Meaning : water
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ed_ dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *jār_-
Meaning : river
Tamil : yār_u, ār_u (obl. yār_r_u-, ār_r_u-)
Tamil meaning : river, brook
Malayalam : ār_u
Malayalam meaning : river
Tulu : ārụ, tārụ, sārụ, hārụ
Tulu meaning : (B-K) river, stream
Number in DED : 5159
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *ēr_
Meaning : river
Kota : peyv-ēr (obl. peyv-ēt_-)
Additional forms : Also Kota ēt_ aṇ edge of bank of stream or tank; ēr (obl. ēt_-), in: tēlviēr Pykara river (< tēl pey ēr), kimēr n. pr. of swamp at Kolmēl village
Number in DED : 5159
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *ēr_-
Meaning : river
Telugu : ēr_u (gen. ēṭi)
Number in DED : 5159
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ed_
Meaning : river
Parji : pered
Poya Gadba : ber bereṭ "big river"
Number in DED : 5159
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-poya,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *jēd_-
Meaning : water
Notes : The word had a PK derivative: *yēt_-ki 'thirst' > PG *etk- (with secondary shortening), Konda ēRki, PPM *ēski, PK *ēski.
Notes on correspondences : In PKG *d_
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,gndet-cor,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *jēR (obl. *jēt-, pl. *jēhk)
Meaning : water
Betul Gondi : yēr (obl. yēt-, pl. yehk)
Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : yēr (obl. yēt-)
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : yēr (obl. yēt-)
Muria Gondi : ēr (obl. ēt-, pl. ēhk)
Maria Gondi : ēr̨ (obl. ēt-)
Seoni Gondi : ēr
Koya Gondi : ēr
Yeotmal Gondi : ēr (obl. ēt-)
Adilabad Gondi : ēr (obl. ēt-)
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Tr yeh-gatā the water gnat; yeha-kkorr the diving grebe; Gondi_W, Gondi_Ph etk thirst
Notes : The form 'thirst' should be reconstructed as *etk.
Number in DED : 5159
Number in CVOTGD : 391
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_w,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_y,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-addition,gonet-notes,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : ēr_(u) (obl. ēR-)
Meaning: water
Additional forms : Also Konda ēRki thirst
Number in DED : 5159
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-addition,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ēz
Meaning : water
Pengo : ēz "water, in: ēz ība to bathe, otherwise used in the pl. ēzuŋ"
Manda : ey
Additional Forms : Also Pengo ēs (variant form of ēz used in certain combinations, e.g. ēs orli otter [lit. water-rat]); ēski thirst; Manda ehki thirst
Number in DED : 5159
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-addition,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *ēj-u
Meaning : water
Khuttia Kui : ēju
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : ēyū
Kuwi (Schulze) : ēyu
Sunkarametta Kuwi : ēyu
Parja Kuwi : ēyu
Additional forms : Also Kui_W ēsu water; Kui, Kuwi_Su, Kuwi_Isr ēski thirst
Number in DED : 5159
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kuttia,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_p,kuiet-addition,kuiet-dednum,
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