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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *khaỵ
Meaning: hook
Yasin: kha
Hunza: khaỵ
Nagar: khaỵ
Comments: Sh. khã́ã
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *k[ǝ̄]č̣wɨ̆́
Meaning: hook
Sino-Tibetan: Burm. khjit 'hook; boat-hook; buckle'
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *kɨ̄č̣wɨ̆
Meaning: hook, curved
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Except for assimilative glottalisation in some languages (which is a usual phenomenon), correspondences are regular. The root must have specifically meant 'hook, hook for fastening > clasp, buckle' (which explains the frequent semantic shift > 'button'). An apparent EC loan is Georg. kič̣o 'meat-hook (of a butcher).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *kōč̣el-iḳ ( ~ -ǯ-)
Meaning: stick with a hook; hook, gaff
Chechen: kȫžalg
Ingush: kožolg
Comments: 4th class in Chech., 6th class in Ing. In the Russ.-Chech. dictionary the Chech. word is glossed as kožalg; in the Russ.-Chech.-Ing. dictionary - as kožolg. The word has an *-l-suffix (with a following diminutive). The suffixless stem is probably reflexed in Chech. ḳāža 'hinge, door-hinge' (with an assimilation ḳ- < k-, as in some other EC languages).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ḳič̣V
Meaning: 1 hook 2 hinge, buckle 3 noose 4 loop
Avar: ḳič̣ 1,3
Chamalal: ḳič̣ʷ 2
Godoberi: ḳič̣i 4
Comments: Cf. also Av. ḳič̣- 'to bend', God. ḳič̣-ĩ id. A quite strange form is Av. (Uslar) kuc 'metallic button' - is it a dialectal form of the same root, modified under influence of kuc 'shape'?
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-chm,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *kVč̣(ʷ)V
Meaning: 1 hook 2 buckle 3 hoop
Tsezi: kač̣u 3
Khvarshi: kač̣u (Radzhibov)
Inkhokvari: kač̣u 2
Gunzib: ḳɔ̃č̣i 1
Comments: PTsKh *kač̣u. The Gunz. form is somewhat irregular (assimilated ḳ- < k- and unclear vocalism with nasalisation); still it is difficult to separate it from the PTsKh form. We deal, perhaps, in this case with old interdialectal borrowing. The Tsezian languages have some other resembling forms which are still harder to explain phonetically: PGB *geža 'button, buttonhole' (Bezht. Tlad. geža, Khosh. geza 'button', Gunz. geža 'buttonhole'); Bezht. Tlad. gečä, Khosh. geco 'buckle'; Gin. kiči 'ring', Bezht. kiči 'lace-knot'. These are most probably results of contaminations and old interlingual / interdialectal borrowings.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: ḳič̣
Meaning: button
Lak form: ḳič̣
Comments: Cf. Khosr. ḳič̣ id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ḳič̣
Meaning: hook; buckle
Akusha: ḳič̣
Comments: Cf. also Ur. ḳič̣ 'hook; button', Kub. č̣ič̣ id, Kharb. č̣ič̣ 'button', Tsud., Sirg. ḳič̣, Muir., Kait. č̣ič̣ 'hook'.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ḳuč̣
Meaning: 1 button 2 hook, buckle 3 door lock 4 hooked, bent
Agul: ḳuč̣ 1
Rutul: ḳɨč̣ 2
Tsakhur: ḳɨč̣ 1
Archi: ḳič̣ 3
Udi: k:oč:I 4
Comment: Cf. also Arch. plur. ḳoč̣-or. Obl. base *ḳuč̣ɨ- (cf. Rut. ḳɨč̣i-, Tsakh. ḳɨč̣ɨ-). 3d class in Rut. and Arch., 4th class in Tsakh. Vinogradova-Klimov (1979, 157) supposed that the word was borrowed from Armenian (k:ǝč:ak: 'button'), but this is unacceptable: the Arm. form has no Indoeuropean etymology and is most probably borrowed from Caucasian. See Лексика 1971, 214; Хайдаков 1973, 93; Талибов 1980, 289.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *kēč ( ~ g-, -ǯ)
Meaning: to bend
Ket: abɨ-ɣɛ̄t 'es biegt sich'
Yug: kɛ:ht́
Comments: Werner 1, 421 (w.r.).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVCV
Meaning : ring, hook
Amerind (misc.) : *ḳuCu 'knee; curved' (under *ḳutu 'elbow' R 219); *q̇uča 'elbow' (R 221) [+ A K] globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-amer,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳVč`V
Meaning: ring, spool
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`ĕsa ( ~ -o)
Meaning: spool, spool string
Russian meaning: катушка, моток, нить из катушки
Comments: Martin (JLTT 441) unites Jpn. kase 'spool' and kase 'fetters, shackles'; the two words, however, are clearly opposed in OJ and seem to have quite different Altaic origin (on *kàsi 'fetters' see under PA *k`ìĺa). PJ *kasai 'spool' surely cannot be separated from PT *K(i)as- 'hoop, hoop brace'; the attribution of PTM *xesi- is less secure: it can belong here if we suppose a semantic development 'spool' > 'spool string' > 'string in net'. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *K(i)as-
Meaning: 1 to constrict, tighten 2 brace joining the wheel hoop and its wooden part 3 block, tambour 4 iron hoop on a cask
Russian meaning: 1 затягивать, стягивать 2 скоба, соединяющая обод колеса и его деревянную часть 3 шкив, пяльцы 4 железный обод на бочке
Turkish: kas- 1
Uzbek: qasnɔɣ (dial.) 2
Uighur: qasa- 1, qasqan 'hoop of a tambourine'
Azerbaidzhan: GasnaG, GasaG 3
Turkmen: Gas- 1, Gasŋaq 2
Khakassian: xas- (Sag., Koib.) 'to place the halter on the saddle bow'
Oyrat: qasta- 1
Tuva: qa`sta- 1
Kirghiz: qasas- 1, qasqan 4
Noghai: qasnaq 2
Karakalpak: qasnaq 2
Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 329-330. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-nogx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xesi-n
Meaning: string in net edge
Russian meaning: веревка, стягивающая сеть
Spoken Manchu: xešǝn, xesǝn 'brim; strap' (2606)
Literary Manchu: xešen 'edge (of net etc.)'
Ulcha: xesi(n)
Nanai: xesĩ
Oroch: xesi(n)
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kasai
Meaning: spool, tool for spinning, spool string
Russian meaning: катушка, инструмент для наматывания, нить из катушки
Old Japanese: kase, kasep(j)i
Middle Japanese: kase
Tokyo: kase
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 277
Proto: *kečä
English meaning: ring, circle
German meaning: Kreis, Ring, Reifen
Finnish: kehä 'Kreis, Ring' ( > Saam. N geha ~ gähe 'unfinished loghouse (without doors, windows, roof)'
Estonian: keha 'Körper, Rumpf; Gefäß, Geschirr'
Saam (Lapp): (kes, kesa (S) 'gyrus, circus' - rejected by Redei because of vocalism)
Mordovian: či (E), ši (M) 'Sonne, Tag'
Mari (Cheremis): kečǝ (KB), kećǝ̑ (U), keče (B)
Udmurt (Votyak): ki̮č, ki̮š (S), kǝ̑š (K) 'Schlinge, Schleife'
Komi (Zyrian): ki̮č (S) 'Ohrring; Mondhof, Sonnenring; Schlinge', køč (PO) 'Ring'
Khanty (Ostyak): kö̆č (V) 'Ring am Ende des Dchneeschuhstabes; Mündungsreifen des Beutelnetzes, der Reuse'
Mansi (Vogul): küš (TJ), kis (KU), kiš (P), kis (So.) 'Reif', tōrėm-kistiläp (K) 'Regenbogen', kis (N) 'Reifen, Bogen'
Hungarian: (same as in *kećV)
Selkup: (k͔oč (N) 'Ohrring' - rejected by Redei because of vocalism)
Sammalahti's version: FP *keččä
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-slk,uralet-samm2,
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