Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-dúŋus (*dumus)

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: knee

Yasin: -núŋus

Hunza: -dúmus, -dúmu

Nagar: -dúmus, -dúmu

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ṭHamqV

Meaning: arc, bow

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ṭHam[q]V

Sino-Tibetan: *tŏŋ

Burushaski: *-dúŋus (*dumus)

Comments and references : But cf. also Hun., Nag., Sh. ṭoŋ, Yas. ṭhoŋ `curved, convex'; *dumus may be < *d-umus = PNC *wēnǯ_V̆?

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ṭHam[q]V

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: arc, bow

Proto-Nakh: *darʁa

Proto-Dargwa: *ṭamqIa

Proto-Lezghian: *ṭamq̇I-

Notes: Not very certain, because in PN the root is present only within a compound (and underwent irregular changes; especially unclear is the medial -r-). The Darg.-Tab. isogloss is of course secure, but the PEC antiquity of the root is somewhat dubious.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *darʁa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: arc (of a bow)

Chechen: ʕad-darʁa

Ingush: ʕad-darʁa

Comments: A compound with the first part *ʡāṭɦ 'bow' (q.v.). 4th class in both languages. One wonders if the Avar form gazárʁo 'bow' does not reflect a compound (for the first part cf. gazá 'hoe'?) with an old borrowing from Nakh (gazarʁo < *gaz-darʁo).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *ṭamqIa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: arc, hoop

Akusha: ṭamqaI

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ṭamq̇I-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: arc, bow, hoop

Tabasaran: ṭanq̇Iu

Comment: Isolated in Tab. (with a variant: ṭanq:Iu), but having possible external parallels.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tŏŋ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: elbow

Burmese: lǝtauŋ the elbow.

Kachin: doŋ² a cubit.

Lushai: toŋ a cubit, KC *toŋ.

Comments: Sh. 48; Mat. 164. Here also Rabha cá-kha-thoŋ 'knee'.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVNV

Meaning : bow, arc

Eurasiatic : *ṭoŋV

Sino-Caucasian : *ṭHamqV

Austric : PAA *taŋ, *tVŋ 'joint, knee', PAN *kiCiŋ 'ankle, wrist' (or *wadaŋ 'collarbone, clavicle'.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṭoŋV

Meaning: bend

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *t`oŋe

Dravidian: *toŋ-

References: (МССНЯ 350)

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`oŋe ( ~ -i)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to bow, bend, turn upside down

Russian meaning: гнуть, наклонять, переворачивать

Turkic: *töŋ-

Mongolian: *toŋguji-

Tungus-Manchu: *toŋ-

Korean: *tòŋkái (?)

Comments: Despite Doerfer MT 82, hardly borrowed in TM from Mong. The Kor. reflex is questionable, but cf. some semantic developments in TM.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *töŋ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to bow

Russian meaning: наклонять

Old Turkic: töŋit- (~-ü-) (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: töŋit- (MK, KB)

Tatar: tüŋ- 'to be toppled, turn upside down'

Turkmen: tüŋŋi 'bent'

Khakassian: töŋnüg 'convex'

Oyrat: töŋkök 'convex'

Yakut: töŋköi-

Comments: VEWT 494, EDT 517, ЭСТЯ 3, 279-281.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *toŋguji-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to bend, bow

Russian meaning: наклоняться, сгибаться

Written Mongolian: toŋɣuji- (L 824)

Khalkha: toŋgoj-

Buriat: toŋgoj-

Kalmuck: toŋgǟ-

Ordos: toŋGȫ-

Dagur: toŋgoi- (Тод. Даг. 168)

Shary-Yoghur: toŋGō-

Monguor: toŋGoi-

Comments: KW 400, MGCD 640. Mong. > Kaz. toŋkaj- etc. (VEWT 488).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *toŋ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to bend (a branch) 2 cradle's bow 3 cylindric vessel

Russian meaning: 1 нагибать (ветку) 2 дуга люльки 3 сосуд цилиндрической формы

Evenki: toŋo- 1

Literary Manchu: tuŋgi 'a k. of bow'

Nanai: toŋmã 2

Udighe: tuŋʒa` 3 (Корм. 297)

Comments: ТМС 2, 197, 215.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *tòŋkái

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: quiver

Russian meaning: колчан

Modern Korean: toŋgä

Middle Korean: tòŋkái

Comments: Nam 232, KED 486.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *toŋ-

Meaning : to hang

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *toŋ-

Proto-Telugu : *toŋ-

Proto-North Dravidian : *tonG-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *toŋ-

Meaning : to hang, be suspended

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : toŋku (toŋki-)

Tamil meaning : to hang, be suspended, hang down, dangle, be dependent, servile

Tamil derivates : toŋkal hanging, anything pendent, hangings, pendent part of an ornament, ear-ornament, end of a garment hanging down, decorative hangings as of cloth, festoons, garland, peacock's tail

Malayalam : toŋkuka

Malayalam meaning : to hang, be pendent, depend on

Malayalam derivates : toŋŋal hangings, drapery, tassel

Kannada : toŋgu

Kannada meaning : to hang, be pendent, hang down, swing, stoop

Kannada derivates : toŋgal, toŋge a cluster, bundle, bunch, tassel, tuft, mass; toŋku to stoop

Tulu : toŋgè, toŋgelụ

Tulu meaning : cluster of blossoms, bunch of fruit

Proto-Nilgiri : *toŋ-

Number in DED : 3478

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *toŋ-

Meaning : to hang (intr.), hang oneself

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : toŋg- (toŋgy-)

Additional forms : Also Kota toŋgc- (toŋgc-) to hang (tr.)

Number in DED : 3478

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *toŋ-

Meaning : to lie down, recline, bend, incline, sleep

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : toŋgu

Inscriptional Telugu : toŋgoḍlu (pl.) "bundle, bunch"

Additional forms : Also toŋguṇḍu to sleep, lie down, recline; toŋgi cūcu to peep

Number in DED : 3478

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *tonG-

Meaning : to hang; to bend

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : ṭaŋgnā (refl.pass. ṭaŋgrnā) "to suspend, hang"

Malto : tonqe "to bend, bend the knees slightly while dancing"

Notes : Во всех остальных корнях с начальным *ṭ- оно, несомненно, вторично и возникло в результате ассимиляции с инлаутным ретрофлексным; это наводит нас на мысль, что в данном корне запись ṭ- в курух ошибочна (ср. малто, где начальный смычный не ретрофлексный).

Additional forms : Also MLT tonqro bent.

Number in DED : 3478

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *tVŋ

Meaning: wrist, joint

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *taŋ (also tVŋ 'knee')

Austroasiatic meaning: joint

Proto-Austronesian: *kiCiŋ

Austronesian meaning: wrist, ankle

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *taŋ

Meaning: joint

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Bahnaric: BAH ku:l taŋ

Khmer: t<hn>aŋ

Proto-Monic: ModM taŋ

Proto-Palaungic: PAL tǝŋ

Khasi: ʒintaŋ the stalk

Commentaries: S-139

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: t<hn>aŋ

Meaning: joint, point of articulation, node

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic:

Meaning: joint (of bamboo, etc.)

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Modern Mon: taŋ

Old Mon: (taŋ)

References: S-139

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