Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *waq

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: slightly opened (mouth, hands, etc.)

Yasin: waq

Hunza: waq

Nagar: waq

Comments: Sh. waŋ, L wak

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ắxqV

Meaning: cavity, hole; to open

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *=aq_V

Sino-Tibetan: *ʔĕk

Yenisseian: *ʔaʔK- (~x-)

Burushaski: *waq

Comments and references : HGC 31. Sino-Tibetan, just like Burushaski, probably reflects a form with a labial class prefix like *u̯-ắxqV.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=aq_V

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to open

Proto-Lak: a=aqa-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔaqa

Proto-West Caucasian: *q:V (~q̇-)

Notes: The EC-WC comparison see in Абдоков 1983, 157.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: a=aqa-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to open wide, to gape

Lak form: a=aqa-n

Comments: G. pr. a=a=qu-n.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔaqa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to open 2 opened 3 to give away (a secret)

Lezghian: aqa 2

Agul: d-aq- 1

Tsakhur: aqa- 1

Budukh: q:-aq- 3

Archi: d-aχa as 1

Udi: qaj 2

Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. d-aqa- 'to open'. Lezg., Arch. and Udi reflect a participial form *ʔaqa-j. See Бокарев 1961, 68; Лексика 1971, 259; Гигинейшвили 1977, 134.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *q:V (~q̇-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to open, open wide

Adyghe: wǝq:ǝ-n

Kabardian: wǝq:ǝ-n

Comments: PAK *wǝ-q:ǝ- (with a widely spread common WC verbal prefix wǝ-).

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ʔĕk ( ~ q(h)-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: split, open

Burmese: ak to crack open.

Lushai: ek (eʔ) split or cleave (as wood).

Lepcha: ók to open (as door, mouth)

Comments: Bunan ag mouth. Ben. 36. Cf. Yamphu okma 'open, pull apart'.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔaK- (~x-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mouth cavity

Ket: agdi⁵; (Werner 1, 22) ákŋiĺ īteŋ 'hintere Zähne'

Comments: ССЕ 179-180. Werner 1, 17 (supposes a compound with *ǯiʔ 'stem').

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVKV

Meaning : open; hole

Eurasiatic : *ʔaḳa

Sino-Caucasian : *=ắxqV

Reference : Suggested by V. Glumov.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ʔaḳa

Meaning: to open, spread

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *ák`à

Dravidian: *agál-

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ák`à

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to open, opening

Russian meaning: открывать, отверстие

Korean: *àk-

Japanese: *áká-

Comments: Martin 238. A Kor.-Jpn. isogloss: in other languages (Turkic, Mongolian) the root has probably merged with *ága 'mouth, open mouth' q. v.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *àk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 mouth 2 a little open, apart 3 opening, slit

Russian meaning: 1 рот 2 приоткрытый 3 отверстие

Modern Korean: aguri 1, agu 2, agɨt [akɨs] 3

Middle Korean: akui, ìp-àkói 1

Comments: Nam 333, 407, KED 1067.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *áká-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to open

Russian meaning: открывать

Old Japanese: aka-

Middle Japanese: áká-

Tokyo: àke-

Comments: JLTT 675 (in OJ the root is usually confused with *áká- 'get bright').

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *agál-

Meaning : 1 wide, broad 2 to leave, depart

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *agal-

Proto-Telugu : *agal-

Proto-North Dravidian : *agar-

Notes : South Dravidian and Telugu languages mostly agree in displaying a bisyllabic version of the stem. It is unclear how this ties in with Malto agare, where -ar- is a typical Malto suffix. Perhaps the Malto form < *agl-are? // Present in 3/6 branches.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *agal-

Meaning : to spread

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : akal (akalv-, akan_r_-)

Tamil meaning : to spread, widen, extend, depart, go away

Tamil derivates : akalam, (Tinn.) avalam width, extent, expanse, greatness, earth, sky; akali (-pp-, -tt-) to broaden out, enlarge (intr.); akaluḷ width, expanse, greatness, earth, town, village, country; akalvu extent, expanse; akar_ci breadth, separation, ascetic life; akar_r_u (akar_r_i-) to widen (tr.), broaden, extend, remove, expel, banish; akar_al extension; akavu (akavi-) to become long, lengthen out; ālam breadth; ār_r_u (ār_r_i-) to remove, put away; ān_r_a wide; ān_r_al extension, width

Malayalam : akaluka

Malayalam meaning : to become extended, distant, part, retire

Malayalam derivates : akalca separation, distance; akar_r_uka to extend (tr.), open, remove, put away; akattuka to distend; akalam breadth, distance; ālam breadth; akala, akalē far off, aside

Kannada : agal (agald-)

Kannada meaning : to be spacious, extensive, separate from, go away

Kannada derivates : agala space, width, extension; agalike separation from; agalcu to spread out, remove; agundale extensiveness, greatness; (PBh.) agunti greatness, vastness

Tulu : agapuni

Tulu meaning : to depart; to separate (tr.), to extend

Tulu derivates : agapāvuni to send away, cause to depart; agela breadth; (B-K.) agelụ to go apart, widen

Proto-Nilgiri : *ag-

Notes : The auslaut -al - on SDR grounds at least - forms part of the root (Tamil ālam < dial. *agalam; Toda ox in ox ɨn-, etc. may be a contraction from earlier *oxl- < *agal-).

Number in DED : 0008

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Nilgiri etymology :

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Proto-Nilgiri : *ag-

Meaning : broad

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : agalm (obl. agalt-) "width"

Toda : ox ɨn- "be broad"

Additional forms : Also Kota ān- (ād_-) to open (mouth) wide; (mouth) is open wide (PSS); Toda ox et_- (ox et_y-) to make broad

Notes : Kota ān- is compared with forms like Tamil ān_r_a 'wide' (supposedly from *ak-an_r_-?). If it is so, the Kota form should be traced back to *ag-nd_- > *ā-nd_- > *ān-.

Number in DED : 8

ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *agal-

Meaning : to leave, depart, be gone (of strength in war, liveliness, etc.)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : agalu

Number in DED : 8

telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_kr,telet-dednum,

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North Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-North-Dravidian : *agar-

Meaning : to spread, increase, become public

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Malto : agare

Additional forms : Also MLT agatre to spread, distribute.

Number in DED : 8

ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-mlt,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,

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