Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=Hä́ćwĂ

Meaning: to pour, weep

North Caucasian: *=Häć_wĂ

Yenisseian: *ǯe-n

Basque: *hese

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=Häć_wĂ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to pour, wash

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *č:Vb-

Proto-Lak: šuIši-

Proto-Dargwa: *=is:-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʡäš:ä ( ~ -a)

Proto-West Caucasian: *ʒʷa

Notes: The comparison seems probable phonetically and semantically (the semantic correlation 'to pour, wash' - 'to weep' is quite common). The PWC root, however, can belong either here or to *=imc̣_Vn q.v. [We should note that the Av.-and. forms reflect rather a form like *=Häć_Ăw with non-labialised -ć-; it is not clear, which is original - *=Häć_wĂ or *=Häć_Ăw.]

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=ič:- / *č:Vb-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 dip 2 splash, sprinkle 3 splash out 4 soak 5 wet

Avar: č:uj- 1, =ič:- 4

Akhvakh: =ic:- 4

Chamalal: =ic:- 5

Tindi: č:ab-d- 2

Karata: č:eb- 3, =ič:- 4

Comments: Cf. also Av. =íč:-ara= 'wet', Tind. =ič:- 'to soak', =ič:u= 'wet', Kar. =ič:o= 'wet'. Most languages reflect both stem I *=ič:- and stem II *č:Vb-.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: šuIši-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to wash

Lak form: šuIši-n

Comments: G. pr. šuI=šu-nu. Cf. Khosr. šuIši-n id. An old loanword from Lak. is Arch. čučǝ-bos 'to wash': it is particularly interesting, because it preserves an affricate (from PEC *ćw), which has been by now fricativized in all Laki dialects.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *=is:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to weep

Akusha: =is-es

Chiragh: =is:-

Comments: Cf. also Ur. =is- id.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʡäš:ä ( ~ -a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to weep

Lezghian: iše xun

Tabasaran: iš-

Agul: ʕaš-

Rutul: =eše-

Tsakhur: g-e=š:e-

Kryz: =iš-

Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. ji=š:-, Ag. Bursh. ʡäš:a-, and the derivate *ʡäš:ä-l 'weeping, crying' > Lezg. išel, Tab. išal, Rut. Khniukh. ješel.

    See Хайдаков 1973, 135.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ʒʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to wash 2 to dam, cut off (water)

Abkhaz: á-ǯ̌ǯ̌a-ra 1

Abaza: ǯʷǯʷa-ra 1

Adyghe: ʒ́ʷa- 2

Comments: PAT *ʒʷa (with emphatic gemination). Phonetically the Ad.-Abkh. comparison is very probable; the semantic change must be postulated as "to pour water (enough) for washing" > "to cut off (water), to dam".

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ǯe-n

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to weep, cry

Ket: -den

Yug: d-īd́ä (Кастр.), praet. dīrd́ä, imp. igd́ä

Kottish: d́-äčēnaŋ, praet. alačenaŋ, imp. alčen; асс. (Бол.) ečen "I weep", jačeenon (М., Сл., Кл.) "I weep"

Arin: ä́šińaŋ (М., Сл., Кл.) "I weep"; (Лоск.) esende id.

Pumpokol: číin-du (Сл.)

Comments: ССЕ 310. Werner 1, 181-182 *d'en.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *hese

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 fresh, wet, moist, green (plant) 2 lascivious, sensual

Bizkaian: eze 1, 2, ezo 1, ezko 1

Gipuzkoan: eze, ezko 1

High Navarrese: eze 1, 2

Low Navarrese: heze 1, ezti 1

Lapurdian: heze 1, 2

Zuberoan: heze 1, ezti 1

Roncalese: eze 1

Comments: Also with /ś/: BNV, LAB hese 'fresh, moist, green', BZK ese id.

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