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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ČV́QV
Meaning: to move, run
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ćek ( ~ ʒ́-)
Meaning: tread, trample
Tibetan: (ã)ćhags, p. bćags, f. bćag to tread, to walk, to move.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 蹟
Modern (Beijing) reading: jī
Preclassic Old Chinese: ćek
Classic Old Chinese: cek
Western Han Chinese: cek
Eastern Han Chinese: cjek
Early Postclassic Chinese: cjek
Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjek
Late Postclassic Chinese: cjek
Middle Chinese: cjek
English meaning : footprint, track
Russian meaning[s]: см. 跡
Radical: 157
Four-angle index: 7931
Karlgren code: 0868 u
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 2381
Character: 蹟
MC description : 梗開三入昔精
ZIHUI: 6465 0663
Beijing: ći 3
Jinan: ći 11
Xi'an: ći 11
Taiyuan: ćiǝʔ 41
Hankou: ći 12
Chengdu: ći 12
Yangzhou: ćiǝʔ 4
Suzhou: ciôʔ 41
Wenzhou: cei 41
Changsha: ci 4
Shuangfeng: ći 12
Nanchang: ćit 41
Meixian: cit 41
Guangzhou: čîk 41
Xiamen: cîk 41 (lit.); ʒiaʔ 41
Chaozhou: ceʔ 41
Fuzhou: ceiʔ 41
Shanghai: cîʔ 4
Zhongyuan yinyun: ci 42
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *čɔq-
Meaning: to run
Ket: tɔq-tǝt5
Yug: čat-tat5 "to trot"
Kottish: čag-anthak "running", čāganthagākŋ "to run"; hu-čax, hu-čak 'going in, coming in', praet. ī-čōkŋ, imper. ī-čōx
Comments: ССЕ 218. The comparison is possible if we suppose assimilation in Yug (čat-tat < *čaq-tat), and a secondary initial č- in Kottish (as in čagal 'sleep' together with ha-čāgal 'spend a night', šagal 'night camp', see КС 154). Werner 2, 276 *t'oqtǝt.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVKV
Meaning : to move, step
Amerind (misc.) : *caq 'go out' (R 317) [+ A] globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ceKV
Meaning: tramp, step
Comments: For Ur. *aćke- cf. perhaps IE *steigh-; Alt. *ǯígù 'hurry, run' ( *ʒ́wigV)
References: ND 450 *ĉEkʕV 'step, trample, trample down' (+ Mehr. ŝḳʕ 'step'). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *č`ika ( ~ -u)
Meaning: to stamp, ram; stamped path
Russian meaning: утаптывать, набивать; утоптанная тропа
Comments: A Western isogloss. Mong. > Tung. (Evk. čigǯan, čigle- etc.), see ТМС 2, 389 (perhaps also Nan. ǯịGda-, ТМС 1, 255) - although Evk. čiki 'stamped snow' must be genuine. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *čɨgɨr
Meaning: 1 to stamp, ram (ground) 2 stamped snow 3 boundary, limit 4 small path
Russian meaning: 1 топтать, утаптывать (землю) 2 утоптанный снег 3 граница 4 узкая тропа
Karakhanid: čɨɣru- 1, čɨɣɨr 4 (MK) Turkish: čɨɣɨr 4, 'coomb, trace of an avalanche'
Tatar: čɨɣɨr 3
Middle Turkic: čɨɣɨr 'thawed spot' (Sangl.), 'snow stamped by strong wind' (Pav. C.) Uzbek: čijir 'trace'
Uighur: čiɣir jol 4
Turkmen: čɨGɨr 3
Halaj: čɨɣɨr 'bad road'
Tuva: šɨ̄r 2
Tofalar: šɨ̄r 'spot on snow or ground with many tracks'
Kirghiz: čɨjɨr, čijir 4
Kazakh: šɨjɨr 'stamped'
Balkar: čɨjɨr-t- 'to stamp snow, grass'
Comments: VEWT 95, 107, EDT 409, 410. Cf. perhaps also PT *čig- 'to draw a line' (VEWT 110). Turk. > Mong. Khalkha čijr 'stamped road', Kalm. čīr 'eaten and stamped grass' (KW 443). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-trm,turcet-khal,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-blkx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *čig
Meaning: 1 to stamp, ram 2 narrow, pressed 3 direction
Russian meaning: 1 набивать, затыкать 2 узкий, сдавленный 3 направление
Written Mongolian: čigǯi- 1 (L 180), čig 3 (L 178), čig 2 Khalkha: čigǯ- 1, čig 3
Buriat: šegžǖn 'набитый (о трубке)', šeg 3
Kalmuck: čig 2
Ordos: čig
Dongxian: čɨGǝi- 1
Baoan: čiχǝ- 1
Shary-Yoghur: čiGǝ- 1
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-yuy,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *čiKi-
Meaning: 1 edge, border 2 to go along the shore, come out on the shore 3 stamped snow
Russian meaning: 1 край, граница 2 идти по берегу, выходить на берег 3 утоптанный снег
Evenki: čiki (Tomm.)
Literary Manchu: čikin 1, čiki-ra- 2
Nanai: čiku-le- 2 (Kur-Urm.)
Comments: ТМС 2, 389, 391. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-man,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 56
Proto: *ćäke(-rV)
English meaning: hard snow; tramped winter soil
German meaning: harter Schnee; abgeweidetes, fest getretenes Land im Winter
Saam (Lapp): čiegâr -kk- (N) 'snow-field which has been trampled and dug up by reindeer', tjiekar (L) 'von Rentieren im Winter aufgescharrtes und abgeweidetes Gebiet', čīɣar (Kld.), čieɣar (Not.) 'Weideplatz der Rentierherde', či̊gr-sijje (T) 'Weideplatz' ( > Finn. kiekerö)
Khanty (Ostyak): t́ăɣǝr (J) 'Weideplatz der Rentiere od. der Elentiere im Winter, wo der Schnee plattgetreten ist', t́ăɣǝr (DT), śăχǝr (O) (?), t́i̮ɣǝr (V) 'Schneewehe' (?)
Mansi (Vogul): śōr (KU), śiɣr (LO), śaɣr (So.) 'niedergetretener Schnee (Weg, Hof); Schneeball, Schneeklumpen', sāli-śiɣr (LO) 'Aufenthaltsort der wilden (und zahmen) Rentiere', śorǝj- (KU), śārt- (P), śiɣrt- (LO), śaɣrt- (So.) 'niedertreten, platt treten (von Rentieren)'
Nenets (Yurak): śeχe (O) 'harter Schnee', śeχeri (O) 'allgemeiner Winterweg', śiχā (Lj.) 'Rentierweide im Winter'
Kamass: šē̮r 'Weideplatz für Rentiere'
K. Reshetnikov's notes: Lapp. > Finn kiekerö 'Winterweideplatz der Rentierherde'. The Sam. material raises some problems: in Kms., š- is not a regular reflex of *s-, but before a palatal vowel, *-e- in particular, the correspondence Nen. s'- ~ Kms. š- points to Sam. *k-, although Proto-Sam. reconstruction *kekV- makes the FU-Sam. comparison in question impossible.
References: FUV; SKES
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-nen,uralet-kam,uralet-reshet,uralet-lit,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ćeḳ-
Russian meaning: танцевать
English meaning: to dance
Georgian: ceḳ-
Megrel: čaḳ-
Megrel meaning (Rus.): топать, бежать, притопывая
Megrel meaning (Eng.): to stamp, to run stamping the feet
Notes and references: EWK 459. Ср. ПИЕ *skek-.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-mgmean,kartet-emgmean,kartet-notes,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ṗVlaḫ- ~ *ṗaḫal- (?)
Meaning: break through, split
Notes: *ṗ is possible unless Sem *plḫ (> Arb. flḫ) 'to cultivate' is related.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 487
Proto-Semitic: *ṗVlVḫ-
Meaning: 'split' 1, 'be sharp' 2
Hebrew: plḥ 1
Geʕez (Ethiopian): blḫ 2
Notes: Cf. Syr plḥ, Arb flḫ [-a-] 'cultivate'
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-hbr,semet-gzz,semet-notes,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: pḫꜣ (MK)
Meaning: 'split, break through'
Coptic: Vyc. 167
Bohairic: phōḫ
Sahidic: pōh
Notes: Metathesis <*pḫl?
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-cpt,egyet-bbb,egyet-sss,egyet-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *ṗa(H)al-
Meaning: 'snap, break' 1, 'strike' 2 , 'break' 3
Hausa: ḅállè 1
Tangale: paale 2 [JgT]
Pero: paal 2 [FrP]
Fyer: ḅaal 3 [JgR]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,wchet-tng,wchet-per,wchet-fyr,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *pal-
Meaning: 'break stone' 1, 'break stick ' 2
Mafa=Matakam: pal- 2 [BMaf]
Gude: pal 1 [Hs]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mtk,cchet-gde,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *palVw-
Meaning: 'break'
Kera: palwe [Eb]
Notes: .
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-ker,echet-notes,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *ʔʒVk-X
Meaning: to stamp, step
Austroasiatic meaning: to step on
Proto-Austronesian: *anzak
Austronesian meaning: stamp the feet
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: cVʔ
Meaning: to step on
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,
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Katuic etymology :
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Proto-Katuic: *cuaʔ
Meaning: to step on
Presyllable: #
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-ekat,
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East Katuic etymology :
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Proto-East Katuic: *Cuaʔ
Meaning: to step on
Presyllable: #
Pakoh: cuaʔ.T
Pakoh meaning: to tread out, trample
Lao Katu: cuaʔ
Lao Katu meaning: to step on
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,ekatet-lka,ekatet-lkame,
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Bahnar etymology :
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Proto-Bahnaric: *ʒuaʔ
Meaning: trample
Proto-Northwest-Bahnaric: *ʒuǝʔ banet-meaning,banet-prnum,banet-nwb,
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North-West Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-North-West- Bahnaric: *ʒuǝʔ
Meaning: step on, run over
Tariang: ʒuǝʔ
Yaeh: ʒuǝʔ
References: TB17.485
nwbet-meaning,nwbet-prnum,nwbet-tr,nwbet-yh,nwbet-refer,
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