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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ć̣ĕć̣Ĕ́
Meaning: an internal organ
Comments and references : KS 224, LDC 18.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ć̣ĕć̣Ĕ
Meaning: kidney
Notes: Initial *ʔur- in PD is a frequent prefix (a former class exponent?). Despite some phonetic difficulties (loss of glottalisation in PD which we still can not explain), the comparison seems plausible.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-darg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ʔur-cec
Meaning: kidney
Akusha: urcec
Comments: Cf. also Kait., Tsud. urcec. Kharb. urclerc is irregular - under the influence of the name for 'spleen' q.v.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: c̣ic̣in
North Caucasian etymology: 993
Meaning: kidney
Khinalug form: c̣ic̣in
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *č̣́ač̣́a
Meaning: kidney
Abkhaz: a-č̣́áč̣́a
Abaza: č̣́ač̣́a
Adyghe: źaźǝj
Kabardian: źaźaj
Ubykh: č̣́ā́č̣́a
Comments: PAT *č̣́ač̣́a (cf. also Abkh. Bzyb. a-č̣́áč̣́); PAK *źaźǝ́jǝ. The Abkh. and Ub. form correspond very well to each other and can only go back to PWC *č̣́ač̣́a (note that Ub. also has źaźǝ́ja 'kidney', borrowed from Ad.). However, the phonetic explanation of the PAK form is more difficult (we should also expect *č̣́ač̣́a). Shagirov (1977, 200) divides the AK form into the root *źa- and a diminutive suffix *-źǝjǝ; but we should rather think of a contraction and assimilation *č̣́ač̣́a-źǝjǝ > *č̣́a-źǝjǝ > *źaźǝjǝ. In any case, it is impossible to separate the PAK form from other WC forms.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ćat
Meaning: womb, placenta
Kachin: pu-ǯat 'womb'
Lepcha: a-jeŋ-čot 'placenta'
Comments: STEDT 290-291 *tsat, comparing also Thaoa (Chin) tat 'womb', Hayu tsat-nomri 'placenta' as well as some LB and Karen forms.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-kach,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *sisa(l)-
Meaning: lungs, liver
Kottish: šičātn, pl. -aŋ 'lungs', šičil, pl. -aŋ 'liver'; Ass. (Бол.) šišatɨn 'lungs'
Arin: šišali (Лоск.) 'lungs', sal (reduction < *sVsal?) 'liver'
Comments: ССЕ 275. Not quite clear is the position of Werner: he accepts the reconstruction *sisa(l)- on p. 2, 438, but on the next page (2, 439) treats the same words as a compound *si + *sil (?), lumping together all the forms and also adding all those analyzed under *seŋ.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVNCV
Meaning : an internal organ
Notes : Cf. ND *sĕ̀t' liver'.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-notes,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *[c]V(n)ʒwV
Meaning: breast
Comments: Assimilations.
References: ND 2206 *ŝüNʒV 'milk; to suckle' (Ur. + incorr. Kartv. + incorr. Mong. + ?Eg.); 2769 *ʒ́ü(n)ʒ́V 'teat, female breast' (+ Sem.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *č`ằjǯV
Meaning: breast
Russian meaning: грудь
Comments: Martin 227, Lee 1958, 107, АПиПЯЯ 32-33, 76, 88, 279. An expressive reduplicated root, but no doubt common Altaic. Because of its structure, liable to assimilations (*č`ằjǯV > *ǯằjǯV or *č`ằjč`V). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *čičig (/*čɨčɨg)
Meaning: 1 breast (fem.) 2 female sheep 3 sheep tail 4 roasted sheep tail 5 roasted fat
Russian meaning: 1 грудь (женская) 2 овцематка 3 курдюк 4 жареный курдюк 5 жареный жир
Tatar: čɨžɨq (R, Буд. - Kas.), čɨʒɨq (R - Tob.) 5 Middle Turkic: čičiɣ 2, 3 (R - Vam.), čɨčɨɣ, čɨčɨq 4 (R - Zenker) Chuvash: čǝǯǝ 1
Comments: VEWT 110. An onomatopaeic root, attested late - but possibly archaic because of the external evidence. The assumed semantic development in Chag. and Tat. is 'udder' > 'roasted udder' > 'fat roasted piece of meat'. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-chv,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *čeɣeǯi
Meaning: breast
Russian meaning: грудь
Written Mongolian: čegeǯi(n) (L 170) Middle Mongolian: če'eǯi (SH) Khalkha: cēž
Buriat: sēže
Kalmuck: cēǯǝ, čēǯǝ
Ordos: čēǯi
Shary-Yoghur: čīǯ
Monguor: śiǯan
Comments: KW 428, 438, MGCD 565. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ča(i)ǯa-n
Meaning: 1 breast (fem.) 2 udder
Russian meaning: 1 грудь (ж.) 2 вымя
Evenki: ǯadan 2
Even: ǯeǯin(/-a-) 2
Negidal: ǯojan 1
Literary Manchu: čeǯen 1
Orok: dada-qta 1, 2
Nanai: ǯaǯaqta 1, 2 (Он.) Comments: ТМС 1,242, 2,419. The Manchu form may be < Mong. (see Rozycki 45); in that case one has to reconstruct *ǯa(j)ǯa(n) for PTM. In both cases initial *ǯ- is historically a result of assimilation to the medial -ǯ-. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *čjǝ́č
Meaning: breast (f.)
Russian meaning: грудь (женская)
Modern Korean: čǝt [čǝč]
Middle Korean: čjǝ́s
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *tì, *tìtí
Meaning: breast (fem.)
Russian meaning: грудь (женская)
Old Japanese: ti
Tokyo: chichí
Kyoto: chìchí
Kagoshima: chichí
Nase: čí
Shuri: čī́
Hateruma: cɨ̄́
Yonakuni: čī̀
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-nas,japet-shu,japet-hat,japet-yon,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 980
Proto: *śićä ~ *śińćä
English meaning: inside
German meaning: Inneres
Finnish: sisä 'das Innere ( > Saam. N sisâ (postp.)'into, in', Wfs. si̮i̯sɛ̮ (postp.) 'in'), sisälö 'das Innere, Busen' ?
Estonian: sisi (gen. see) 'Inneres', sisicond 'Eingeweide' ?
Hungarian: szügy, szűgy 'Brust', szëgy, szegy 'Brust, Bruststück' ?
Enets (Yen): śud́o (Ch.), śuso (B) 'Brust', sud́e, sod́e (Ch.), suse (B) 'Inneres' ?
Nganasan (Tawgi): sinśa 'Brust'
Janhunen's version: (101) *s'üns'i 'breast'
Sammalahti's version: *s'üns'i 'breast' (FP anders)
Addenda: Kar. sisälö, sizeli 'Busen'; Taig. künšu-m 'Brust'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-ugr,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ʒuʒu-
Russian meaning: женская грудь
English meaning: breast (of woman)
Georgian: ʒuʒu
Megrel: ʒuʒu
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 235, EWK 481.
kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *čāc-
Meaning : breast (nursery word)
Proto-South Dravidian: *čāc- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *čāc-
Meaning : breast, breast milk
Tamil : cāci
Tamil meaning : mother's milk (nursery)
Kannada : cāci, tāci
Kannada meaning : a childish word for the female breast
Number in DED : 2436
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *cāc-
Meaning : woman's breast (B. a child's word)
Telugu : cāci
Number in DED : 2436
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,
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