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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *H[ć̣]wɨ̄lV̄́
Meaning: bull, heifer
Comments and references : DCE 17; BCD 17.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *Hć̣wɨ̄lV̄ / *Hlɨ̄ć̣wV̄
Meaning: heifer
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Except for the metathesis (usual for the HCVCV structure) correspondences are regular.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ʕāsse
Meaning: calf
Chechen: ēsa
Ingush: ʕasa
Batsbi: āsĕ
Comments: The Bacb. notation of Kadagidze (āsĕ) stands obviously for assĕ (Bacb. has lost long vowels); cf. also assĕ in Imnaishvili's notation. Obl. base *ʕāssi- (cf. Chech. ēsa-, Ing. ʕäso); 3d class in Chech., Ing., 5th class in Bacb. Cf. also a derived form: Bacb. asaʔŏ (Imnaishvili: assaʔŏ) 'heifer'.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *č̣ora
Meaning: heifer
Avar: ʕač̣ár (Gudava)
Andian language: č̣ora
Chamalal: č̣ā
Tindi: č̣ara
Karata: č̣ara
Botlikh: č̣ara
Bagvalal: č̣ara
Godoberi: č̣ara
Comments: The Av. form probably reflects a merger of two Av.-And. roots: a) = PA *č̣ora; b) = PA *ʁadač̣a 'heifer, bull-calf' q.v. (the And. "animal" infix -dV- is regularly rendered in Av. as -ʕV-, thus the Av. correspondence for *ʁadač̣a would be *ʁaʕač̣a > *ʕač̣a. An Andian loan (before the shift *o > a) is Inkh. č̣oro 'heifer'.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-and,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *luč̣a
Meaning: 1 heifer 2 enclosure for heifers
Lezghian: lɨč̣ 1 (Khl.)
Tabasaran: lič̣ 1
Agul: luč̣ 1
Rutul: lɨč̣ 1
Tsakhur: wuč̣e / wɨč̣e 1
Archi: lič̣i 2
Comment: Obl. base *luč̣ä (cf. the Tsakh. form and Rut. lɨč̣ä-). 3d class in all class-distinguishing languages. Ag. > Darg. Chir. luč̣ 'heifer'. See Лексика 1971, 159.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *chul-
Meaning: 1 male breeding stock 2 bull
Yasin: culá 1, culdár 2
Hunza: chulá 1, chindár 2
Nagar: chulá 1, chindár 2
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *čahal
Meaning: calf (young bovine)
Bizkaian: txal, (Markina) txaal
Gipuzkoan: txal
Low Navarrese: (Amikuse) xahal
Salazarese: xal
Lapurdian: xahal
Zuberoan: xáhal
Roncalese: xãl
Comments: There is a mysterious nasal vowel in RNC, but not in ZBR. In this, and a few other cases, it is apparent that some RNC nasal vowels are not necessarily related to lost nasal resonants.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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