Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ŋwálšV̄

Meaning: face

North Caucasian: *malš_wV

Sino-Tibetan: *ŋār

Yenisseian: *bV(ʔ)sVĺ (~-č-)

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *malš_wV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: slope; muzzle, face

Proto-Nakh: *marš (~-ā-)

Proto-Lak: marš:a

Proto-Lezghian: *maš(a)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *marš (~-ā-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: muzzle

Chechen: marš

Comments: Isolated in Chech. (obl. base marša-), thus the vowel length is not clear.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: marš:a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: meadow (on slope of a hill)

Lak form: marš:a

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *maš(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 slope 2 muzzle 3 face

Tabasaran: maš 1,2,3

Agul: maš 3 (Bursh.)

Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. maš id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ŋār

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: face, front side

Chinese: 顏 *ŋrān face, countenance; colour.

Tibetan: ŋar fore- or front-side, forepart, sŋar before, at first.

Kiranti: *ŋä̀n

Comments: Cf. also Magar me-ŋer 'mouth'.

Chinese characters :

Character: 獻

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: sŋars

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ̥anh

Western Han Chinese: ŋ̥anh

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ̥anh

Early Postclassic Chinese: hàn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hǝ̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: hǝ̀n

Middle Chinese: xǝ̀n

English meaning : to exhibit, display, present

Russian meaning[s]: 1) подносить (старшему), преподнести; предложить; подношение; вклад; 2) мудрый

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 94

Four-angle index: 4962

Karlgren code: 0252 e-g

Vietnamese reading: hiến

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 2476

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 獻

MC description : 山開三去願曉

ZIHUI: 3759 1889

Beijing: śian 3

Jinan: śiã 3

Xi'an: śiã 3

Taiyuan: śiɛ 3

Hankou: śian 3

Chengdu: śian 3

Yangzhou: śî̃ 3

Suzhou: śî 31

Wenzhou: śi 31

Changsha: śiẽ 31

Shuangfeng: śî̃ 31

Nanchang: śiɛn 31

Meixian: hian 3

Guangzhou: hin 31

Xiamen: hian 31

Chaozhou: hieŋ 31

Fuzhou: xyɔŋ 31

Shanghai: śî 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: xien 3

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *ŋä̀n

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: front, in front of, face

Sunwar: ŋõj-ti in front of, before

Tulung: ŋaddo (AS ŋaddo) before (of time, space), ŋali face, appearance

Kaling: ŋali appearance, form

Limbu: nā face, nārā countenance

Dumi: ŋājɨ

Kulung: ŋǝ 'mouth', ŋali 'beauty', ŋɔbɔ 'face'

Yamphu: na-ǯik 'face'

Comments: Toba 93 *Ca (for some reason also adding Kal. kwam).

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: na

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: face

Comments: cf. lɔʔmaʔ (6), nara.

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: Na:yɨ

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: face (of a woman); dainty, comely, unblemished or beautiful face (of a man or a woman); countenance, visage

Nepali: anuhār

Comments: cf. ko:phu.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: Nǝ

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: mouth

Nepali: mukh.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: najik

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: face.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *bVsVĺ (~-č-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: face

Kottish: pičal, pl. pičálaŋ "face, shape"; (Бол.) pičal "forehead"

Arin: upusɨr (Лоск.) "forehead"

Comments: ССЕ 213. Werner 2, 53.

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