Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *jímχwĂ

North Caucasian: *jimχ_wĂ

Basque: *ɦibai

Comments and references : Etymological comparison suggested by John Bengtson.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *jimχ_wĂ

Meaning: river

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʔinχ:V

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔẽχ:u A

Proto-Lak: niIχ

Proto-Lezghian: *ji(m)χ:ʷ(a)

Proto-West Caucasian: *χʷV

Notes: The EC-WC comparison seems quite plausible. See Abdokov 1983, 99.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ʔinχ:V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 stream 2 river, brook

Avar: iχ: 1

Akhvakh: ĩχ:e 2

Karata: enχ:e 2

Godoberi: inχ:i 2

Comments: Av. paradigm C (iχ:í-l, íχ:a-l).

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔẽχ:u A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: river

Tsezi: iħu

Ginukh: iχu

Khvarshi: ẽχu (Bokarev)

Inkhokvari: ẽχIu

Bezhta: ẽχe

Gunzib: ẽχu

Comments: PTsKh *ʔẽχIu (cf. also Tsez. in Imnaishvili's notation iχIu); PGB *ʔẽχu (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. ẽχö, Khosh. eχo; Bezht. prop. ẽχe reflects the original obl. base, cf. Gunz. ẽχe-, Bezht. Tlad. ẽχe-). Lomtadze lists also a Gin. form iqIu 'river', which is possibly a misspelling instead iχu or iχIu.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: niIχ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: river

Lak form: niIχ

Comments: Gen. niIχ:a-l; cf. also Khosr. niIχʷ, niIχ:ʷa-l.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ji(m)χ:ʷ(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: stream, river

Rutul: juχ (Ibragimov)

Udi: oq

Comment: Ag. ruχ 'brook' should be probably kept apart (initial r- and weak -χ [cf. Bursh. ruχ] contradict to its inclusion).

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *χʷV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 river 2 river valley 3 marsh, swamp

Abkhaz: a-ʒǝ́-ʕʷa 3

Abaza: ʒǝ-ʕʷ 1

Adyghe: psǝ-χʷ 1

Kabardian: psǝ-χʷa 1

Ubykh: tʷa-χʷá 1

Comments: PAT *ʒǝ-ʕʷV (with *ʒǝ 'water'; the meaning 'marsh' in Abkh. is secondary - the word has replaced an original *a-ʒǝ-bʕa = Abaz. ʒbʕa 'marsh'); PAK *psǝ́-χʷa (with *psǝ 'water' q.v.; Shagirov 2,19 discovers the root χʷa- also in Ad. χʷā-t 'ravine', χʷa-wǝ 'deep ravine'); the component tʷa- in Ub. is not quite clear (perhaps "liquid", cf. ja-ṭʷá 'sweat' < *'liquid'?). PAT has *ʕʷ instead of the expected *ħʷ as a result of assimilation to *ʒ within the compound *ʒǝ-ħʷV > *ʒǝ-ʕʷV.

    See Abdokov 1973, 63; Shagirov 2, 19.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *ɦibai

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: river

Bizkaian: ibai

Gipuzkoan: ibai

High Navarrese: ibai

Low Navarrese: hibai

Lapurdian: hibai, (arc) ibaso

Zuberoan: ibai

Comments: Cf. PNC *jimχ_wĂ 'river', with a change of PSC *-mχw- > Bsq *-b-: cf. the change of PSC *-mGw- to Bsq -b- in *ho[g]i > hobi 'gums' (q.v.). The archaic ibaso (*ɦiba-śo) is a formation parallel to Bsq *i=ća-śo ‘sea’ (q.v.).

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