Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ŏḳV́r

Meaning: to turn, twist, bend

North Caucasian: *=aḳŭr ( ~ -ǝḳ-, -ŏḳ-)

Basque: *oker̄

Comments and references : Etymological comparison suggested by John Bengtson.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=aḳŭr ( ~ -ǝḳ-, -ŏḳ-)

Meaning: to roll, rotate

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ḳorV ( ~ -a-)

Proto-Tsezian: *ḳori-jɔ

Proto-Lak: =a=č̣i-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔaḳVr-

Proto-Khinalug: ḳaz

Proto-West Caucasian: *ḳʷǝrǝ

Notes: A common NC verbal stem; the Andian, Tsezian languages and Khinalug have preserved only a nominal derivate.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ḳorV ( ~ -a-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 ball 2 dumpling

Karata: ḳaru (Anch.) 1

Godoberi: ḳ́ari 2

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ḳori-jɔ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ring, finger-ring

Bezhta: ḳörijä (Khosh.)

Gunzib: ḳorjo

Comments: PGB *ḳorijɔ (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. ḳojra id.). The original verbal root is also preserved in PGB *ḳar-ƛ- 'to turn round, to spin round' (Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. ḳärƛ-, Gunz. ḳarƛ-).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: =a=č̣i-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to full, felt (wool)

Lak form: =a=č̣i-

Comments: G. pr. =a=ḳu-nu.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔaḳVr-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to roll (dough) 2 to wrap 3 to roll, turn round

Tabasaran: a-ḳ-uz 1

Rutul: ɨ-rḳ-as 2 (Khniukh.)

Tsakhur: al-i-ḳar-as 3

Comment: In Tab. cf. also ilč̣-i=ḳ- (Düb. ilṭ-i=ḳ-) 'to roll' (with an expressive preverb). The Tab. and Tsakh. forms reflect the PL Ablaut *a/*i; -ɨ- in Rut. is not quite clear.

Khinalug etymology :

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ḳʷǝrǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to roll 2 to fall, roll down 3 to slip

Abkhaz: á-ḳʷǝr-ra 1

Adyghe: wǝ-ḳʷara-jǝ-n 2

Kabardian: wǝ-ḳʷǝrǝ-jǝ-n 2

Ubykh: ḳʷǝrǝ́- 3

Comments: PAK *ḳʷǝrǝ- / *ḳʷara-; Ub. a-s-ḳʷǝrǝ́-n.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *oker̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bent, curved, twisted, crooked

Bizkaian: oker

Gipuzkoan: oker

High Navarrese: uker, oker

Low Navarrese: okher

Salazarese: oker

Zuberoan: ókher

Comments: There are abstract meanings ('mistake(n), perverted, evil', etc.), and a verbal extension *oker̄-tu 'to bend, curve; go wrong,' etc. For semantic typology of Bsq ‘bend, twist’ ~ PNC ‘turn, roll’, cf. Irish fillim ‘bend, fold’ ~ Lat. volvere ‘roll, turn’, vallis ‘valley’ (‘bend’), etc.

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