Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʒ́i(n)gV́

Meaning: hail, snow, rain

North Caucasian: *ʒ́igV ( ~ -ä̆-)

Basque: *[s]in[g]o

Comments and references : Expressive /n/-infix in Bsq and in Khwarshi zang-eru 'hail'. Etymological comparison suggested by John Bengtson.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ʒ́igV ( ~ -ä̆-)

Meaning: hail; rain

Proto-Tsezian: *z[i]gV / *ž[i]gV

Proto-Lak: zig

Notes: A Tsez-Lak. isogloss; not quite regular (in PTs we would rather expect *ž:-), and an old loan is not excluded. Cf. also Osset. zäɣ 'rain' (from Caucasian rather than from Turkic *jag, despite Abayev 1989, 292).

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *z[i]gV / *ž[i]gV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hail

Tsezi: zigolu

Khvarshi: zangeru (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: holo-šigi

Gunzib: helu-šige

Comments: PGB *helu-šige (with *helu- 'pea(s)'); the Tsez. and Khvarsh. forms (with irregular transformations) probably reflect an analoguous compound, but with a reversed order of components. The variation of hissing/hushing reflexes is possibly explained by the original palatal affricate in PEC.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: zig

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to rain

Lak form: zig bulun

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *[s]in[g]o

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ́1 small hail 2 very fine snow 3 small dry snowflake

Bizkaian: txingor 1, (Gernika) txingo 3, edur-txingo 2

Gipuzkoan: txingor 1

High Navarrese: txingor 1

Comments: Aulestia & White cite: txingor ‘hail, hailstorm’, txingor egin ‘to hail’, txingorrada, txingorraldi ‘hailstorm’. Analyzed here with expressive palatal < *[s]in[g]o, and expressive /n/, as in Khwarshi zang-eru ‘hail’.

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