Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *gwVćV́

Meaning: lean, meager, bad

North Caucasian: *gwVćV

Basque: *gaic / *gaiśo

Comments and references : For semantics cf. Eng slim ~ Ger schlimm ‘bad’; Rus худой ‘bad, ill; lean, meager’, etc.; Eng left (hand) < OE left, lyft ‘weak’, etc.: Rutul gɨči-d ‘left’. Etymological comparison suggested by John Bengtson.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *gwVćV

Meaning: lean

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *gʷačV- ( ~ -o-)

Proto-Tsezian: *gʷVš(:)V-

Proto-Lezghian: *k:očV-

Notes: The root is very sparsely represented; the Rutul word may belong here if the original meaning was 'lean; bad' (with a typologically frequent change > 'left'). Not very secure.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *gʷačV- ( ~ -o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: lean

Tindi: kʷača-

Karata: gʷača- (Anch.)

Comments: Tindi and Kar. proper have forms with assimilation (*gʷ- > kʷ-). Cf. also Tind. kʷač- 'to become lean'. Tind. > Inkh. kʷačču id.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *gʷVš(:)V-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: lean

Tsezi: guš-iju

Comments: Attested only in Tsez., but having probable external parallels.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *k:očV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: left

Rutul: gɨči-d (Ikhr.)

Comment: Attested only in Rut., with possible external parallels.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *gaic / *gaiśo

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 bad 2 poor, wretched 3 sick, ill 4 wicked 5 bad thing, illness 6 difficult

Bizkaian: gatx 1, 5, 6, gaiso, gaixo 2, 3

Gipuzkoan: gaitz 1, 5, 6, gaiso, gaixo 2, 3

High Navarrese: gaitz 1, 5, 6, gaixto 1, 4, gaizo 2

Low Navarrese: gatx 1, 5, gaixto 1, 4, gaizo 2

Lapurdian: gatx 1, 5, 6, gaixto 1, 4, gaizo 2

Zuberoan: gatx 1, 5, 6, gais-ki 1, gaixto 1, 4, gaizo 2

Roncalese: gais-ki 1, gaixto 1, 4, gaizo 2

Comments: A prolific Bsq root: only some of many forms and meanings are shown here.

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