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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɦŏ́mxGVwV
Meaning: mouth
Comments and references : HGC 20 (somewhat differently), LDC 15. In ST there's some confusion between this root and *[k]ău̯V q.v. PY has lost -ʔ- (in the CVCe structure), but preserves it in plural. Cf. also Bsq. *hobi 'gums' (352). sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ɦŏmG_wĭ (~-ĕ)
Meaning: throat; mouth
Notes: Correspondences are regular. This etymology for PAK *ʡʷǝ 'mouth' is phonetically preferable to Trubetzkoy's comparison with Av. abize 'say' (see Trubetzkoy 1930) or Balkarov's comparison with Av. ḳal 'mouth' (Balkarov 1964, 101). Abdokov (1983, 76) correctly compares the WC form with Gin. haqu (misspelled as haq̇u), but adds also Av. ḳal and other unrelated EC forms.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *hi(n)q̇:ʷV
Meaning: 1 throat 2 crop, craw, goitre
Avar: muq̇:úr 2
Akhvakh: oq̇:o 1 (Tlan.)
Comments: Av. muq̇ú- < *Humq̇:ú-. [On the other hand, the Avar word somewhat resembles Ing. boqqar 'crop, craw' - but the phonetic side of the Avar-Ingush comparison is problematic, and we prefer the Andian etymology].
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-akv,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *haqu (~-ã-)
Meaning: mouth (inside)
Tsezi: haqu
Ginukh: haqu
Comments: PTsKh *haqu (~-ã-).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: uInq̇u-
Meaning: nasopharynx
Lak form: uInq̇u-s:urs:u
Comments: A compound with s:urs:u 'neck'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *hIamq̇: (~h-,ʔʷ-)
Meaning: throat (of a person)
Archi: hanq̇
Comment: For *q̇: cf. Arch. loc. hanq̇:a. Isolated in Arch. [cf. perhaps - with irregular correspondences - Tsakh. Tsakh. hɨrq̇Ium "Adam's apple"?], but having reliable external parallels.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *q̇́ʷǝ
Meaning: mouth
Adyghe: ʡʷǝ
Kabardian: ʡʷǝ
Comments: PAK *ʡʷǝ (presupposing PWC *q̇́ʷ-, *q́:Iʷ- or *q̇́Iʷ-).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *khuā(H)
Meaning: mouth, hole
Burmese: ku a cave, cavity, grave.
Kachin: (H) khu a hole, opening.
Lushai: kua (ko) a hole, a burrow, a cavity.
Comments: BG *k(h)u mouth: Garo ku ~ khu, Dimasa khu. Ben. 184.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 口
Modern (Beijing) reading: kǒu
Preclassic Old Chinese: khōʔ
Classic Old Chinese: khṓ
Western Han Chinese: khwā́
Eastern Han Chinese: khwā́
Early Postclassic Chinese: khṓw
Middle Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄̀w
Late Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄̀w
Middle Chinese: khʌ́w
English meaning : mouth
Russian meaning[s]: 1) рот, уста; 2) отверстие; дыра; прореха; пробоина; жерло (орудия); горлышко (сосуда); 3) устье (реки); порт, гавань; вход; выход; горный проход, перевал; 4) лезвие; 5) счетный суффикс а) для людей; б) для домашних животных; в) для предметов с крышкой или отверстием; г) для лезвий, ножей; д) глоток (воды); затяжка (табака); 6) устно, на словах; произношение, выговор; обсуждать; 7) сокр. г. Калган
Radical: 30
Four-angle index: 1061
Karlgren code: 0110 a-c
Vietnamese reading: khâ`u
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 32
Character: 口
MC description : 流開一上厚溪
ZIHUI: 0656 1558
Beijing: khou 2
Jinan: khou 2
Xi'an: khou 2
Taiyuan: khou 2
Hankou: khou 2
Chengdu: khǝu 2
Yangzhou: khôɨ 2
Suzhou: khöy 2
Wenzhou: khǝu 21
Changsha: khôu 2
Shuangfeng: khie 2
Nanchang: khiɛu 2
Meixian: khɛu 2
Guangzhou: hau 21
Xiamen: khɔ 2 (lit.); khau 2
Chaozhou: khau 21
Fuzhou: keu 2 (lit.); khau 2
Shanghai: khôɨ 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: khou 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *χowe
Meaning: mouth
Ket: qō, pl. qɔʔn2
Yug: xo, pl. xɔʔn2
Kottish: hōpi, pl. hōpaŋ; Ass. hóhuj (Сл.) "face", (М., Сл., Кл.) "mouth"; xoboj (Кл.) "mouth"
Comments: ССЕ 302-303. Werner 2, 126 <*qo>, preferring to treat the Kott. word as a compound (but with what second component?) - whereas the reflex *-w- > Kott. -p- is quite regular.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *a=ho
Meaning: mouth
Bizkaian: ao, ago, (Arratia, Orozko) abo
Gipuzkoan: ao, ago
High Navarrese: ao, ago
Low Navarrese: aho
Salazarese: ago
Lapurdian: aho
Baztanese: ago
Zuberoan: áho
Roncalese: ao, ago
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVNKV
Meaning : throat
Reference : ND 2601 *XUŋgV 'throat'. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *HVŋV
Meaning: neck, throat
References: Suggested by V. Glumov.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *angʷh-
Meaning: neck
Old Greek: aeol. ámphēn, -enos (Theok.) `Nacken'
Russ. meaning: шея
References: WP I 62 f
piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *angēn, *angōn
Meaning: neck
Gothic: *hals-aŋga m. (n) `neck'
Old High German: ancha, enka f. `Genick'; ancho `Nacken'
Middle High German: anke wk. m. 'genick'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *òŋi(čV)
Meaning: windpipe, part of neck
Russian meaning: дыхательное горло, часть шеи
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *öŋüč
Meaning: larynx, windpipe
Russian meaning: гортань, дыхательное горло
Old Turkic: öŋüč (OUygh.)
Tatar: üŋäč
Middle Turkic: öŋü-lük 'нагрудное украшение' (R) Uzbek: ɔŋgač
Uighur: öŋgäč
Khakassian: ögös
Shor: ȫs 'грудная клетка'
Oyrat: öč, diL. ȫč (Leb.)
Yakut: öŋüs, üŋüs
Tuva: ȫš
Kirghiz: öŋöč
Kazakh: öŋeš
Bashkir: üŋäs
Karakalpak: öŋeš
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *(h)öŋgül-
Meaning: hollow under Adam's apple
Russian meaning: ямка под кадыком
Written Mongolian: öŋgölegür (L 638: öŋgelegür) Khalkha: öŋgölǖr, öŋgölʒǖr
Kalmuck: öŋgǝlǖr, öŋgllǖr, üŋgǝlǖr
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *uŋ-se, *uŋnu-
Meaning: 1 palate 2 sinew in deer's neck 3 aorta, breast bone 4 Adam's apple, craw 5 region under the shoulderblade
Russian meaning: 1 небо 2 жила в шее оленя 3 аорта, выемка у грудной кости 4 кадык, зоб 5 место под лопаткой
Evenki: uŋrēn 2, unŋun 1
Even: önŋъlъk, uŋne 3
Negidal: ūŋele 4
Orok: uŋele 5
Comments: ТМС 2, 275, 30, 279, 280, Дыбо 138-139. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ork,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *ùnà(-nsi)
Meaning: back of head, nape
Russian meaning: затылок, задняя часть головы
Old Japanese: una, unazi
Middle Japanese: ùnàzì
Tokyo: ùnaji
Kyoto: únájí
Kagoshima: unají
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḥanuḳ(-ar)-
Meaning: palate, inside of mouth, gorge
Notes: Cf. *ḥank(-ar)- 'palate, gorge, uvula', *ḥang-ur- 'throat, gorge' and ḳu(n)ḳ- 'throat, gorge'.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-wch,afaset-agw,afaset-sho,afaset-lec,afaset-hec,afaset-dhl,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 2627
Proto-Semitic: *ḥanḳ-
Meaning: 'inside of mouth' 1, 'Adam's apple' 2
East Ethiopic: Sel hanḳa 1 (h- most likely <*ḥ-; cf. LGur LXIV), Zw anḳa1
Gurage: Ch End Enn Gye Muh Msq anḳa 1 LGur 68
Soqotri: Qadhub ḥɛnṣ̌ǝ́ḳɔh 'creux sous la pomme d'Adam, pomme d'Adam' SSL LS 1459 (<*ḥVnḳiḳ-). Cf. SOQ ḥanḳ 'collier' [LS 183].
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-east,semet-gur,semet-soq,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *Hanḳ- 1 ~ *hVnVḳ- 2
Meaning: 'palate' 1, 'hiccup' (n.) 2
Ghadames: īneɣ 1
Ghat: ta-hnǝqq-it 2
Ayr: anɣa 1
Ahaggar (Tahaggart): aŋɣ, pl. aŋɣiwen F 1405 1; tă-hnǝqq-it 2
Tawllemmet: anɣa
Semlal: anɣa, pl. anɣiwen
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ghd,brbet-ght,brbet-ayr,brbet-ahg,brbet-twl,brbet-sml,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *hanḳ-
Meaning: 'throat'
Hausa: hánḳá
Notes: h- is not from *ḥ which yields g- in Hs.
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,wchet-notes,
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Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :
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Proto-Agaw: *Hunḳ- 1, 3 ~ *Hanḳar- 2
Meaning: 'to cough' 1, 'throat, gorge' 2, 'be out of breath' 3, 'uvula' 4, 'hiccup' 5
Bilin: unq 1, anqar 2 Rein Bil 40
Qemant: ĭnqit (refl. of inqī ?) 3 (Con Ros 168)
Notes: No vowel in Anlaut in Bil rather points to *ḥ-, not to *ʕ- which is preserved in this language. However, Bil anqar may be a loan from Eth.
agwet-prnum,agwet-meaning,agwet-bil,agwet-kem,agwet-notes,
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Saho-Afar etymology :
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Proto-Saho-Afar: *Hanḳar-
Meaning: 'palate, gorge, throat'
Saho: anqár Rein Sa 40
Afar (Danakil): anqára Rein Af 813
Notes: Unless from Eth.
shoet-prnum,shoet-meaning,shoet-saho,shoet-afar,shoet-notes,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *ḥiḳ- 1 ~ *ḥoḳ-at- 2
Meaning: 'panting; asthma' 1, 'tonsil' 2
Somali: ḥíiq 1 (Abr 121), ḥoqád 2 (Abr 123) (<*ḥVḳ-at-? -d may render *-t)
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-som,
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High East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-High East Cushitic: *(ḥ)aḳ-
Meaning: 'inside of mouth'
Hadiya (Gudella): aḳa
Kambatta: aḳo
Notes: LGur 68. *ḥ- is rather expected to render *h-.
hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-had,hecet-kmb,hecet-notes,
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Dahalo etymology :
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Dahalo: ḥaŋḳára
Meaning: 'palate'
Notes: EEN 27
dhlet-prnum,dhlet-meaning,dhlet-notes,
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