Sino-Caucasian etymology : List with all references

Proto-North Caucasian: *HV̄č̣_wĔ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: guest

Proto-Nakh: *ħāša

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *c̣:iʔV-

Proto-West Caucasian: *b-č̣́a

Notes: The Nakh-WC comparison was proposed by Balkarov (1969), and seems quite probable both semantically and phonetically (despite criticism, and several alternative - rather fantastic - etymologies of the WC forms; see Shagirov 2, 122-123). We should note, however, that within EC the root is reflected only in PN and PA, which makes the reconstruction of vocalism and the initial laryngeal uncertain. The PWC form has a usual labial prefix, with a regular delabialisation *č̣́ʷ > *č̣́ after it.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ħāša

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: guest

Chechen: ħāša

Ingush: ħaša

Batsbi: ħaš, ħašĕ

Comments: Obl. base *ħāši- (Chech. ħēša-, Ing. ħäšo).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *c̣:iʔV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: guest

Andian language: c̣:e

Akhvakh: c̣:e-we

Chamalal: ṣe-w

Tindi: c:ē

Karata: c̣:ew

Godoberi: c:eji

Comments: In some languages a male and female guest are differentiated by class markers (Akhv. c̣:e-we - c̣:e-je, Cham. ṣe-w - ṣe-j, Gig. c̣:e-w - c̣:e-j).

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *b-č̣́a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: guest

Adyghe: ħāč̣́a

Kabardian: ħaṣ́a

Ubykh: pč̣́a

Comments: PAK *ħa-č̣́á. The component *ħa- is not clear etymologically (perhaps related to another PEC root for "guest", *χ_alHV?). Still the relationship between the AK and Ub. words can not be debated, and Trubetzkoy's (1921) hypothesis about PAK *ħač̣́a being borrowed from Iranian *haxay 'friend' is absolutely groundless.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔǝča

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: guest

Ket: ʌtakaj⁶

Kottish: čaŋ

Comments: ССЕ 191. Kottish must have had a later Anlaut reduction (otherwise one would expect *šaŋ) in the form *ǝča-ŋ (originally plur. "guests"). Werner 1, 432 criticizes the connection of the Kottish and Ket form. The latter is given as ɨ́tɨkaj / ɨ́tɨɣaj and is derived from *ʔɨtaq 'place where a house was before' + kʌʔj 'to go'. The real situation, however, appears to be much more complicated - as shown by Werner's own data. We should start with the opposition Ket. ʌ́ŋtakkaj 'zu Besuch in mehreren Birkenrindenzelten sein' : ɨ́tɨkaj 'zu Besuch nur in einem Birkenrindenzelt sein' (Werner 2, 408). We can clearly see here a compound with the 1st element ɨ- / pl. ʌŋ- - which is most probably identifiable with Ket. ʌŋn, Kott. hagī-ni 'inner tent pole' (see *hǝgV-). The Yug form ʌ́ŋŋej 'to pay a visit', ʌ́ŋŋejsi 'guest' is thus a secondary assimilated form corresponding to Ket ʌ́ŋtakkaj, thus the reconstruction of PY *ʔǝŋ- 'guest' on its basis appears now to be incorrect. Ket -ta- / -tɨ- is the element, most probably corresponding to Kott. čaŋ and thus properly means 'be a guest, visitor'. On the final element of the compound see under *gaj 'to return', so the meaning of the whole compound *hǝgV-ča(ŋ)-gaj is 'to return as a guest to the (birchbark) tent place'. There is still a phonetic problem: the word for 'place where there was a tent' in Yug is recorded by Werner (2, 432) as ɨ́taχ with -t- instead of the expected -t́-; However, a form ɨt́ɨɣajś 'guest' is also recorded (ibid.), so we can suppose a misrecording.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *aúśi-

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: guest

Yasin: aíśen, aúśin, pl. aúśu

Hunza: oóśin, pl. oóśo

Nagar: oóśin, pl. oóśo

Comments: Sh. õṍśo, pl. õṍśe, T 427 [only Shina, with a very dubious derivation from unattested Skt. *apadeśya-].

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *ɦauso

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 neighbor 2 neighborhood, quarter

Bizkaian: auzo 1, 2, ausotar 1

Gipuzkoan: auzo 1, 2, ausotar, austar 1

High Navarrese: auzo 1, ausotar 1

Low Navarrese: hauzo 1, 2, (Amikuse) aizo 1, 2

Lapurdian: hauzo 2

Baztanese: auzo 2

Zuberoan: áizo 1, 2, aizogo 2

Roncalese: aizo 1, 2