Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HVcǝ̆́

Meaning: one

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *cHǝ̆

Sino-Tibetan: *ʔĭt (~ɣ-)

Yenisseian: *χu-sa

Burushaski: *he-

Comments and references : The NC root also means `all' (`everyone') and thus may also match PST *che ( ~ *śe) `every, all' 1561; see HGC 17, HGC 21; in Bur. cf. perhaps also -́ice `alone, separated from others'.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *cHǝ̆

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: one

Proto-Nakh: *cħa

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ci-

Proto-Tsezian: *hǝ̃s:

Proto-Lak: ca

Proto-Dargwa: *ca

Proto-Lezghian: *s:a

Proto-Khinalug: sa

Proto-West Caucasian: *zV

Notes: The initial cluster *cH may explain some irregularities in reflexation (the most severe ones - not explainable by interlingual borrowings - are strengthening *s- > *s:- in PL and voicing in PWC). It is possible that the monosyllabic structure *cHǝ̆ itself is a contraction < *cǝħV or *ħǝcV - in which case the PTs form should be considered as the most archaic one. Cf. also š(V)- in Urart. š(V)-usǝ 'first', as well as HU *suj- > Hurr. šui(-ne), Urart. šuinǝ 'all, every' (cf. a similar semantic development in several EC languages), see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 38.

    See Trubetzkoy 1930, 274; Абдоков 1983, 153.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *cħa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: one

Chechen: cħaʔ

Ingush: caʕ

Batsbi: cħa

Comments: The final glottal stop is probably secondary (like in other numerals), but it led to an assimilatory development *cħaʔ > caʕ in Ing. (cf. without it forms like cħä "single", cħa-nne /obl. base of caʕ/ etc.).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ci-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: one

Avar: co

Chadakolob: šo

Andian language: se-w

Akhvakh: če-be

Chamalal: se-b

Tindi: se-b

Karata: ce-b

Botlikh: se-b / ce-b

Bagvalal: se-b / ce-b

Godoberi: se-b

Comments: Some languages have irregularly preserved the affricate *c- (Kar., Botl., Bagv.; cf. also And. Kvankh., Zil. ce-b). This should be probably explained by Avar influence.

    Derived from the same root is the PA adverb *ca-ru / *ca-nu (~-o-) 'together' (Kar. sa-ru, God. sa-nu, Cham. sa-n).

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *hǝ̃s:

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: one

Tsezi: sis

Ginukh: hes

Khvarshi: has

Inkhokvari: hos

Bezhta: hõs

Gunzib: hǝ̃s

Comments: The PTs paradigm: *hǝ̃s:, obl. *s:ɨ-. The oblique base is preserved in Gunz. sɨ-d, Bezht. si-d; it is also reflected in the Tsez form sis which is a contamination of former direct and oblique bases. Cf. also Gunz. se-n 'everything', se-se 'some', very probably derived from the same root.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: ca

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: one

Lak form: ca

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *ca

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: one

Akusha: ca

Chiragh: ca

Comments: Cf. also Ur. ca, Kub. sa etc.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *s:a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: one

Lezghian: sa

Tabasaran: sa

Agul: sad

Rutul: sa

Tsakhur: sa

Kryz: säd

Budukh: sad

Archi: os

Udi: sa

Comment: Evidence for strong *s: : Ag. Bursh. s:a-d; Arch. (in compound numerals) s:e-j-; Ud. sa. It is probable, that Rut. sije-nä 'all' is derived from the same root (as well as Rut. Ikhr. sa-sa-na 'every').

    See Бокарев 1961, 69; Гигинейшвили 1977, 89.

Khinalug etymology :

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *zV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 one 2 once

Abkhaz: z-nǝ 2

Abaza: za-ḳǝ 1

Adyghe: zǝ 1

Kabardian: zǝ 1

Ubykh: za 1

Comments: PAT *zV; PAK *zǝ.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ʔĭt (~ɣ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: one

Chinese: 一 *ʔit one.

Burmese: ać a unit, one.

Kiranti: *ʔi[t]

Comments: Kanauri id. Ben. 94.

Chinese characters :

Character: 一

Modern (Beijing) reading: yī

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔit

Classic Old Chinese: ʔit

Western Han Chinese: ʔjǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔjǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔjit

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔjit

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔjit

Middle Chinese: ʔjit

English meaning : be one, single, whole

Russian meaning[s]: 1) один, единица; 2) единство; одинаковый; объединить; 3) весь; целиком; 4) раз...; как только...; 5) при повторении глагола обозначает однократность действия

Comments: As in some other cases, Viet. has secondary nasalisation of the initial.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 1

Four-angle index: 1

Karlgren code: 0394 a-d

Go-on: iti

Kan-on: itu

Japanese reading: ichi;itsu;hitotsu

Vietnamese reading: nhất

Jianchuan Bai: ji6, ji5

Dali Bai: ji6, ji5

Bijiang Bai: e6

Shijing occurrences: 25.1, 25.2, 40.2, 40.3

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 1

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 一

MC description : 臻開三入質影

ZIHUI: 0001 0707

Beijing: i 11

Jinan: i 11

Xi'an: i 11

Taiyuan: iǝʔ 41

Hankou: i 12

Chengdu: i 12

Yangzhou: iǝʔ 4

Suzhou: iôʔ 41

Wenzhou: iai 41

Changsha: i 4

Shuangfeng: i 12

Nanchang: it 41

Meixian: jit 41

Guangzhou: jat 41

Xiamen: it 41 (lit.); cit 41

Chaozhou: ik 41

Fuzhou: eiʔ 41

Shanghai: iîʔ 4

Zhongyuan yinyun: i 43

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *ʔi[t]

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: one

Kulung: ī-bum

Yamphu: ikko

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: i:bum

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: num.

Meaning: one.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: ikko

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Stem: 574

Grammar: num.

Meaning: a) one b) a

Comments: a) ikko ka:.ghä:.tt.ä läz. (one cry.PROC.PF.FCT NW) It had struck one. b) is used as an indefinite article in much the same way as Nepali euṭā but is never joined to the numeral quantifier for humans <-paŋ>; ikko damai.däm.beʔ yu:s.a.j.iŋ. (one damāī.POS.LOC descend.PT.DU.EXPS) We descended to the house of a tailor. ikkweʔ ergative/instrumental form, alone, on one's own, by oneself.

Nepali: ek, euṭā

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *χu-sa

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: one

Ket: qūś (attr., inanim.), pred. quśǝm⁶

Yug: xus (attr., inanim.), pred. xusɛ⁶

Kottish: hūča; Ass. (Бол.) xanči-xit "one", huča (Кл.) "one"

Arin: khuzej (Ф., Срсл.) "one"; kuisa (Стр.) id.; qúsej (М., Сл., Кл., Ф.) id.; kusa in kusamančau (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл., Ф.) "nine"; (Лоск.) kus-ket "one"

Pumpokol: xúta (Сл., Срсл., Кл.) "one"

Comments: ССЕ 306. Cf. also the derivative *χus-baŋ "вместе" > Ket qujvaŋ⁶, Bak., Sur. qujbaŋ⁶, Yug xujbaŋ^5,6 (let us note *-sb- > -jb-) = Kott. hušpaŋ. PY *χusa is a compound the first component of which is also present in other forms: Ket qɔʔk, Yug xɔʔk 'one' (anim.); Kott. hūpiga 'alone'. As for *-sa, the same root is also present in Kott. al-še-n 'one time', as well as in PY *de-s '(one) eye', *pa-s '(one) time' q.v. etc. Werner 2, 132 <*qus / *qut>, 2, 122 <*qoʔk>.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *he-

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: one

Yasin: hen, han, hek

Hunza: hin, han, hik

Nagar: hin, han, hik

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVCV

Meaning : one

Afroasiatic : *ʔVs-

Sino-Caucasian : *HVcǝ̆́

Austric : PAN *asa / *esa 'one'

Amerind (misc.) : *as 'one' (R 529) [+ K]; also *saka (actually *as-ka) 'one' (R 527) [+ K]

Reference : Peiros 1989, 129.

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *ʔVʔc

Meaning: one

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *(ʔǝt /) *ʔɨc

Austroasiatic meaning: all

Proto-Austronesian: *asa, *esa, *isa

Austronesian meaning: one

Proto-Thai: *ciɨ^C (Li)

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ʔǝt / *ʔɨc

Meaning: all

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: TAO ʔǝiʔ

Khmer: chʔe:t E?

Proto-Monic: *ʔǝt

Proto-Palaungic: *ʔɨc

Proto-Aslian: KEN bǝʔɨt good

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic:

Meaning: all

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-East Katuic: TAO ʔǝiʔ

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: chʔe:t

Meaning: be gorged, full, satuated

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

References: JP70

Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic: *ʔǝt

Meaning: all

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Modern Mon: ʔuit

Old Mon: ʔut

Middle Mon: ʔuit

Nyakur: ʔǝt.L

Nyakur meaning: be used up

References: V124; S-20

Palaung-Wa etymology :

Proto-Palaung-Wa: *ʔɨc

Meaning: all

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Plang: *ʔɨc

Plang etymology :

Proto-Plang: *ʔɨc

Meaning: all

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Bulang: ǝik.1

Bulang meaning: all

Bulang-1: taŋ.31 ʔǝik.51

Bulang-1 meaning: all

Konto: ɨc.1

Konto meaning: all gone

Samtao (Paulsen): uc.1

Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: all

References: P-449: *ǝc.1

Aslian etymology :

Proto-Aslian: *bǝ(t)ʔVt

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Meaning: good

Kensiw: bǝʔɨt

Jahai: bǝtʔɛt

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