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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *lhĭ́mŁwɨ̆
Meaning: earth, field
Comments and references : An alternative comparison with PST *luaŋ `field, land' see in LV D4.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *lhĕmŁ_wɨ̆
Meaning: earth
Proto-West Caucasian: *ƛ̣ʷA Notes: Despite the complicated pattern of resonant variation (due to interaction of *l- and *-m-), correspondences are regular and the etymology seems reliable. The Lak. form fits here if we suppose luχč:i < *luχk:i < *luk:i-χV with an original locative suffix.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *moχḳ
Meaning: 1 earth, country 2 country
Chechen: moχk 1
Ingush: moχk 2
Batsbi: moχḳ 1
Comments: Obl. base *maχḳi- (Chech. meχka-, Ing. meχko). 6th class in all languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *rVƛ̣:V
Meaning: earth, ground
Avar: raƛ̣:
Chadakolob: raƛ̣
Comments: Av. paradigm C (raƛ̣:ú-l, ráƛ̣:a-l). Av. > Gin., Bezht., Gunz. raƛ̣ 'floor'.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: luχč:i
Meaning: earth, land
Lak form: luχč:i
Comments: Cf. also Khosr. luχč:i '(mountain) pasture'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *neIƛ̣:ʷ
Meaning: field, cornfield
Lezghian: nik
Tsakhur: nek
Kryz: nik
Budukh: nik
Comment: Obl. base *neIƛ̣:ʷɨ- (cf. Lezg. niḳi-, Tsakh. nek:ɨ-); cf. also Tsakh. Gelm. noIk (noIki-) which points to labialisation of *ƛ̣:ʷ and pharyngealisation in PL. 4th class in all class-distingushing languages. See Trubetzkoy 1922, 241 (suggesting also a relationship with And. =eƛ̣:- 'to plough' - which is probably wrong, see PEC *=ērƛ̣_V).
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *ƛ̣ʷA
Meaning: earth
Adyghe: č̣ǝ
Kabardian: ṣ́ǝ
Ubykh: jǝ-cʷá
Comments: PAK *č̣ǝ. Its regular Ub. correspondence is present in Ub. jǝ-c̣ʷá- 'on the earth' (preverb); reasons for deglottalisation of -c̣ʷ- in the Ub. noun (which is certainly representing the same root) are not yet clear. This root is to be strictly kept apart from PAK *č̣a 'bottom' which has quite different external parallels.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *līŋ
Meaning: field
Tibetan: gliŋ island, continent, region, country; źiŋ field, ground, soil, arable land.
Burmese: krańh dry land, ground (OB krań).
Kachin: mǝliŋ1 a forest, wood.
Lepcha: ljaŋ the earth
Comments: BG: Garo buruŋ, briŋ forest, Dimasa ha-bliŋ field in second year of cultivation; Moshang, Namsangia liŋ forest, Rawang mǝliŋ id. Simon 27; Sh. 435; Ben. 40, 80-81; Peiros-Starostin 212. Matisoff (Mat. 176) compares the Burm. form with Jnp. kriŋ1 firm, stable kriŋ1-muŋ2 hill (see *ƛiŋ). Cf. Austric: Yao liŋ 'field(s)', Tai plɛ:ŋ 'a plot of land'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 田
Modern (Beijing) reading: tián
Preclassic Old Chinese: lhīn
Classic Old Chinese: lhīn
Western Han Chinese: lhjǝ̄n
Eastern Han Chinese: lhiǝ̄n
Early Postclassic Chinese: dhiēn
Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhiēn
Late Postclassic Chinese: dhiēn
Middle Chinese: dien
English meaning : field; field supervisor; measure word for fields; to hunt
Russian meaning[s]: 1) поле; [обрабатываемая] земля, пашня; культивированный; обрабатывать землю; хлебопашество; 2) охотиться; 3) Тянь (фамилия)
Comments: For *lh- cf. Min forms (with secondary palatalization): Chaozhou chaŋ2, Fuzhou cheŋ2, Jianou chaiŋ2; Siam. thɨ́an, Zhuang tɨ̄n (*dhɨan). Used also for a homonymous (and possibly related) *lhīn 'to hunt'; for the derived *lhīn-s, MC dìen (FQ 堂練) 'to cultivate, till; royal domain'.
Radical: 102
Four-angle index: 1713
Karlgren code: 0362 a-c
Jianchuan Bai: -tã3
Dali Bai: -ta3
Bijiang Bai: -der1
Shijing occurrences: 50.3_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 197
Character: 田
MC description : 山開四平先定
ZIHUI: 3944 1801
Beijing: thian 12
Jinan: thiã 12
Xi'an: thiã 12
Taiyuan: thiɛ 1
Hankou: thian 12
Chengdu: thian 12
Yangzhou: thî̃ 12
Suzhou: dî 12
Wenzhou: di 12
Changsha: tiẽ 12
Shuangfeng: dî̃ 12
Nanchang: thiɛn 12
Meixian: thiɛn 12
Guangzhou: thin 12
Xiamen: tian 12
Chaozhou: chaŋ 12
Fuzhou: tieŋ 12 (lit.); cheiŋ 12
Shanghai: tî 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: thien 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *lur̄
Meaning: earth
Bizkaian: lur
Gipuzkoan: lur
High Navarrese: lur
Low Navarrese: lur
Salazarese: lur
Lapurdian: lur
Baztanese: lur
Aezkoan: lur
Zuberoan: lür
Roncalese: lur
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,
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