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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=á̆ƛwVn
Meaning: to match
Comments and references : WFR 134, FDCP 3.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=ăƛ_wVn
Meaning: to resemble, similar
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular. Most forms reflect the Ablaut grade *-a-; grade *-i- can be seen in PD *mixV- and probably in Arch. ʎ:ʷāna- < PL *ʔiʎ:ʷVn- (with reduction).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=aʎ:(ʷ)Vn-
Meaning: 1 to be similar, resemble 2 similar
Avar: réƛ:-in- 1
Chadakolob: reƛá-ra-b 2
Andian language: a=ʎ:in 2
Akhvakh: ẽʎ:e-da 2
Chamalal: =aʎ:una-b 2
Tindi: =aʎ:ũ-b 2
Karata: =aʎ:an- 1
Comments: Av. > Bezht. Khosh. =eʎarab, Gunz. reʎarab (this is either a loan from an Avar dialect with the change ƛ: > ʎ:, or else a mixture of Av. reƛ:arab 'similar' with the genuine *=ẽʎer-u q.v.).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *=ẽʎ:- B ( ~ -ʎ-)
Meaning: similar, alike
Tsezi: =iʎa-si
Ginukh: =eʎ-iš
Khvarshi: =aʎ
Inkhokvari: =aʎa-q̇u
Bezhta: =ẽʎe-rö (Tlad)
Comments: PTsKh *=ǝʎ(a)- (in Inkh. -aʎa- instead of -oʎa- through vocalic assimilation).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: la=š:a-
Meaning: to be similar, look alike
Lak form: la=š:a-n
Comments: G. pr. la=x:u-nu. Cf. also Khosr. la=x:u-s:a 'similar'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *mixV ( ~ -š-)
Meaning: similar, alike
Akusha: mešu-si
Chiragh: miši-ze
Comments: Cf. also Kait. mešu-, Tsud. miši- id. Lack of the Kubachi reflex does not allow to distinguish between reflexes of *-x- and *-š-; external data favour the former. PD *mixV < *b-ĩxV < *b-ixVn-.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiʎ:ʷVn-
Meaning: similar
Archi: ʎ:ʷāna-t:u-
Comment: Attested only in Archi, but having good external parallels.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛōm
Meaning: accompany, assist
Kachin: lom3 to accompany.
Lushai: lōm to assist a person in any kind of work; common, belonging to more than one.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 同
Modern (Beijing) reading: tóng
Preclassic Old Chinese: Łōŋ
Classic Old Chinese: Łōŋ
Western Han Chinese: lōŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: lōŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: dōŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: dōŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: dwōŋ
Middle Chinese: duŋ
English meaning : to be the same, join, unite
Russian meaning[s]: 1) один и тот же; такой же; идентичный, одинаковый, общий; совпадать, быть общим; аналогичный; 2) вместе, сообща; вместе с..., с; 3) быть вместе; делить, разделять; 4) Тун (фамилия)
Comments: For OC *Ł- cf. Min forms: Xiamen, Chaozhou taŋ2, Fuzhou töüŋ2.
Radical: 30
Four-angle index: 3778
Karlgren code: 1176 a-c
Go-on: duu
Kan-on: tou
Shijing occurrences: 21.1_, 35.1, 37.3_, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 241
Character: 同
MC description : 通合一平東定
ZIHUI: 0681 2624
Beijing: thuŋ 12
Jinan: thuŋ 12
Xi'an: thoŋ 12
Taiyuan: thuŋ 1
Hankou: thoŋ 12
Chengdu: toŋ 12
Yangzhou: thɔuŋ 12
Suzhou: doŋ 12
Wenzhou: doŋ 12
Changsha: toŋ 12
Shuangfeng: daŋ 12; dǝn 12
Nanchang: thuŋ 12
Meixian: thuŋ 12
Guangzhou: thuŋ 12
Xiamen: tɔŋ 12 (lit.); taŋ 12
Chaozhou: taŋ 12
Fuzhou: töyŋ 12
Shanghai: toŋ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: thuŋ 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *b=ardi-n
Meaning: 1 same, equal 2 even, smooth, flat
Bizkaian: bardin 1, 2
Gipuzkoan: berdin 1, 2
High Navarrese: berdin 1, 2
Low Navarrese: bardin, berdin 1, 2
Lapurdian: bardin, berdin 1, 2
Zuberoan: bardin 1, 2
Roncalese: bardin, berdin 1, 2
Comments: Bsq *=ardi-n, corresponding to PEC *=ăƛ_wVn 'to resemble, similar' (with changing class prefixes). Bsq has generalized the prefix b=.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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