Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *jalxkV

Meaning: to scrape, grind

North Caucasian: *jalχa(-nV)

Sino-Tibetan: *jak ( -e-)

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *jalχa(-nV)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: whetstone, grindstone; saw

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *χanu ( ~ q-,-o-)

Proto-Lak: bajlaχ:i

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔalχana

Proto-Lezghian: *jaχal

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Some features (reduction of the initial syllable in PA, Lak. b- /bajlaχ:i < *bV-jalχV/) suggest that the stem may be deverbal; the original verbal root, however, is not attested (cf. perhaps Inkh. χe- "to saw" - isolated within Tsezian?).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *χanu ( ~ q-,-o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: whetstone

Avar: χonó

Chamalal: χanʷ

Tindi: χanu

Karata: χanu (Anch.)

Bagvalal: han

Godoberi: χanu

Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. χanu, Kar. Tok. hanu id. The root should be strictly distinguished from PA *qonu 'egg' (merger of these two roots in some languages is purely coincidental).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: bajlaχ:i

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: whetstone, grindstone

Lak form: bajlaχ:i

Comments: Cf. Khosr. bajlaχ:i id.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔalχana

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: saw

Chiragh: alχane

Comments: Cf. also Kub. alχana 'file'.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *jaχal(a) ( ~ -l:-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: whetstone, grindstone

Tabasaran: aχal

Agul: jaχal

Rutul: jiχal

Tsakhur: jaχal (Gelm.)

Comment: 3d class in Rut. and Tsakh.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *jak ( -e-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: scratch, scrape

Burmese: jak strike with a stroke towards one's self, scratch.

Lushai: ziat (ziaʔ) to scrape (as with a knife, etc) (cf. also hiat (hiaʔ) to scratch, clean out).

Comments: Ben. 55.

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