Change viewing parameters
Select another database
Sino-Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɦréƛ̣wĕ
Meaning: bone, rib
Comments and references : HGC 18. PST (and PY) may also correspond to PNC *ƛ̣ōrǝ̄ (/*rōƛ̣ǝ̄) 'hand, hand-bone' (see LV D11). sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
Search within this database
North Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *ɦreƛ̣_wĕ (~-ĭ)
Meaning: bone
Proto-West Caucasian: *Ł́ʷa Notes: A good common NC root with regular phonetic correspondences. See Trubetzkoy 1922, 241. Abdokov (1982, 82) compares the EC root (with a lot of confusion among EC reflexes) with WC *bǝ̃źʷa 'horn' - which is quite impossible for phonetic reasons.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
Search within this database
Nakh etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Nakh: *d(e)ʡeχk (̃-ḳ)
Meaning: bone
Chechen: däʕaχk
Ingush: ṭeχk
Comments: 4th class in Chech., Ing. Cf. also Kharach. deʕaχk, Pharch. ṭeχk.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
Search within this database
Avar-Andian etymology :
Search within this database
Protoform: *roƛ̣:i
Meaning: bone
Avar: raƛ̣:á
Chadakolob: raƛ̣a
Andian language: roƛ̣:i
Akhvakh: raƛ̣:i
Chamalal: jaƛ̣:il
Tindi: raƛ̣:i
Karata: raƛ̣:e
Botlikh: raƛ̣:ir
Bagvalal: raƛ̣:
Godoberi: raƛ̣:in
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,
Search within this database
Tsezian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Tsezian: *ƛʷɨrV B
Meaning: bone
Tsezi: ƛuza
Ginukh: ƛužej
Khvarshi: ƛazal
Inkhokvari: ƛozol
Bezhta: ƛörä
Gunzib: ƛora
Comments: PTsKh *ƛʷǝza, obl. *ƛʷǝzǝ-RV-, PGB *ƛora. In PTs the oblique base must have been *ƛʷɨrV-z:a-, whence, with metathesis, *ƛʷɨz:Vra- (> PTsKh *ƛʷǝzǝ-RV-; the PTsKh direct base *ƛʷǝza is a secondary analogous building).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
Search within this database
Lak etymology :
Search within this database
Lak root: t:arḳ
Meaning: bone
Lak form: t:arḳ
Comments: 4th class. Obl. base t:urč̣a-.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
Search within this database
Dargwa etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Dargwa: *derɣ
Meaning: bone
Chiragh: derg / derɣ
Comments: Isolated in Chir., but very archaic.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,darget-comment,
Search within this database
Lezghian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *jirƛ̣:
Meaning: bone
Tabasaran: jirk:i (Düb.)
Agul: irk:
Udi: uq:Iejn
Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. jirk:. Obl. vowel base unknown.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
Search within this database
Khinalug etymology :
Search within this database
Khinalug root: inḳ
North Caucasian etymology: 129
Meaning: bone
Khinalug form: inḳ
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
Search within this database
Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-West-Caucasian: *Ł́ʷa
Meaning: 1 rib 2 side 3 (preverb) by side of
Abkhaz: á-va-ra 2
Abaza: ʒa-rta 2
Adyghe: cā-ɣa 1
Kabardian: ʒā-ža 1
Ubykh: ʒa- 3
Comments: PAT *ǯʷa in compounds *ǯʷa-rV(-ta) 'side' (Abkh. á-va-ra, Abaz. ʒa-rta), *ǯʷa-c̣ǝs 'rib' (Abkh. a-va-c̣ǝ́s, Abaz. ʒa-c̣ǝ́s); the morpheme *ǯʷa is also used as a preverb 'side, by side of' ( = Ub. ʒa-). PAK *-Ła in a compound *c:a-Łá 'rib(s)' (*c:a- 'tooth, sharp edge'). The correspondence PAK *Ł (Ad. ɣ, Kab. ž) :PAT *ǯʷ (Abkh. v, Abaz. ʒ) : Ub. ʒ points only to PWC *Ł́ʷ. The original meaning "rib" is preserved in PAT and PAK compounds.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
Search within this database
Sino-Tibetan etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *rāŋ / *rāk
Meaning: bone
Burmese: khraŋ bone.
Kachin: (H) nraŋ bone (but cf. nra1 id., see *răH).
Comments: BG: Garo greŋ, Dimasa gĕ-reŋ; Moshang a-rã, Namsangia a-rāh. Sh. 433.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-comments,
Search within this database
Chinese characters :
Search within this database
Character: 骼
Modern (Beijing) reading: gé
Preclassic Old Chinese: krāk
Classic Old Chinese: krāk
Western Han Chinese: krāk
Eastern Han Chinese: krāk
Early Postclassic Chinese: kẹ̄k
Middle Postclassic Chinese: kẹ̄k
Late Postclassic Chinese: kẹ̄k
Middle Chinese: kạ̈ik
English meaning : bone (of an animal)
Russian meaning[s]: 1) кости, скелет (особенно животных); 2) рука, см. 胳
Radical: 188
Four-angle index: 1397
Karlgren code: 0766 |c ́
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
Search within this database
Yenisseian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔuĺaʒ
Meaning: rib
Ket: uĺet6, pl. uĺerǝŋ5 (Bak., Sur. uĺedǝŋ5)
Yug: uĺat5,6, pl. uĺadiŋ5
Kottish: ulái, pl. ulajaŋ (cf. also ulai "by the side of", ulār 'side')
Comments: ССЕ 200-201. As in several other cases, the stem contains a body part suffix -Vʒ. The original meaning is definitely "bone of the side" ( = "rib"), cf. the semantics in Kottish. Werner's (2, 338) analysis of the word as *ugǝl-aʔt (in our reconstruction would be *ʔuʔul-aʔd) "smooth bone" is quite unlikely - both for semantic (a highly improbable development "smooth bone" > "rib") and phonetic reasons: Kott. ulai can only go back to *ʔuĺaʒ, and never - to *ʔuĺad. Non-initial *-d- yields Kott. -r-, as shown (definitively) in КС 148 - including the very root for "bone" PY *ʔaʔd (q.v.), reflected in Kottish as araŋ 'limb'. We do in fact have a Kottish formation ulār - but it means only "side" and thus can in no way be derived from "smooth bone", being rather another old derivative from the primary root *ʔuĺ- "bone (of the side)".
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
Search within this database
Long-range etymologies :
Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : RVLV
Meaning : bone, rib
Notes : So far found only in SC.
globet-meaning,globet-scc,globet-notes,
Search within this database
Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generated | Pages generated by this script | 342259 | 3184579 |
| Help
|
StarLing database server | Powered by | CGI scripts | Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin | ![](/images/harbour-button.gif) | Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov |
|